Rig Veda 5.53.2: Mandala 5, Sukta 53, Mantra 2
Sukta 5.53
Rishi: Atri (Atraya tradition) — commonly associated with Mandala 5 hymns
Devata: Maruts
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable for RV 5.53; verse-level confirmation recommended)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऐतान्रथेषु तस्थुषः कः शुश्राव कथा ययुः । कस्मै सस्रुः सुदासे अन्वापय इळाभिर्वृष्टयः सह ॥
Transliteration
áitān ratheṣu tasthúṣaḥ káḥ śuśrāva kathā́ yayuḥ | kásmai sasruḥ sudā́se ánv ā́paya iḷā́bhir vṛṣṭáyaḥ sahá ||
Translation
Jo log apne rath par khade hain, unke baare mein kaun suna hai? Woh kaise chale? Kis ke paas gaye? Sudas ke peeche paani behne laga. Barish bhi saath mein aayi, sab kuchh chal pada.
Word by Word
एतान्these (them)
एतान्:
कर्म
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
रथेषुon/in the chariots
रथेषु:
अधिकारण
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
तस्थुषःof those who have stood / who are standing
तस्थुषः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeParticiple (verbal adjective)
Rootस्था (धातु) → तस्थुष् (परस्मैपदी परिपूर्ण/परफेक्ट कृदन्त-आधार)
कःwho?
कः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun (interrogative)
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
शुश्रावhas heard
शुश्राव:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (धातु)
कथाhow? / in what manner?
कथा:
अधिकारण/प्रकार (प्रश्न-प्रकार)
TypeNoun
Rootकथा (प्रातिपदिक)
ययुःthey have gone
ययुः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
कस्मैfor whom?
कस्मै:
सम्प्रदान
TypePronoun (interrogative)
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सस्रुःthey have flowed / run
सस्रुः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootसृ (धातु)
सुदासेto Sudās
सुदासे:
सम्प्रदान
TypeProper Noun
Rootसुदास (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
अनुafter, along
अनु:
उपपद/क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
आपयःwaters
आपयः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootआप्/आपस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘water’)
इळाभिःwith refreshment/Idā-offerings (nourishing draughts)
इळाभिः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootइळा (प्रातिपदिक)
वृष्टयःrains
वृष्टयः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootवृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
सहtogether, along with
सह:
क्रियाविशेषण/सहकार
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
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