Rig Veda 5.45.2: Mandala 5, Sukta 45, Mantra 2

Sukta 5.45

Rishi: Atri Bhauma

Devata: Sūrya (with associated ‘Mother of cows’ imagery: dawn/earth/illumination-source)

Chandas: Trishtubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वि सूर्यो अमतिं न श्रियं सादोर्वाद्गवां माता जानती गात् । धन्वर्णसो नद्यः खादोअर्णाः स्थूणेव सुमिता दृंहत द्यौः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 5.45.2

Transliteration

ví sū́ryo amatíṃ ná śríyaṃ sādór vā́d gavā́ṃ mātā́ jānatī́ gāt | dhánvārṇaso nadyàḥ khā́dorṇāḥ sthū́ṇeva sumitā́ dṛṃhata dyáuḥ ||

Translation

Surya apni chamak faila raha hai, jaise koi bhatakna door karta hai. Gaiyon ki maa apne ghar se bahar aati hai, woh jaanti hai kahan jaana hai. Nadiyan paani lekar beh rahi hain, naliyan jaldi-jaldi bhaag rahi hain. Aasmaan khada hai jaise koi mazboot khamba, bilkul seedha.

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Word by Word

• वि: apart, forth, widely
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (upasarga)

• सूर्यः: the Sun
• सूर्यः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमतिम्: lack of thought; folly
• अमतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ-मति (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• श्रियम्: splendour; fortune
• श्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्री (प्रातिपदिक)

• सादोः: of the seat/sitting-place; of the settlement
• सादोः: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सादु/साद (प्रातिपदिक; RV form)

• वात्: from the wind
• वात्: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: वात (प्रातिपदिक)

• गवाम्: of the cows
• गवाम्: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• माता: mother
• माता: Kartā (in apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• जानती: knowing; aware
• जानती: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: √ज्ञा (धातु) → जानत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• गात्: went; came
• गात्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गा (धातु)

• धन्वर्णसः: those of bow-like/arched appearance; (epithet of waters/streams)
• धन्वर्णसः: Kartā (new clause subject)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: धन्वर्णस् (प्रातिपदिक; RV compound)

• नद्यः: rivers
• नद्यः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)

• खादः: channels; clefts; ‘eaters’ (i.e., eroding streams)
• खादः: Kartā (apposition/epithet)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खाद (प्रातिपदिक)

• अर्णाः: floods; waves; waters
• अर्णाः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्थूणा: a pillar; post
• स्थूणा: Kartā (in simile)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थूणा (प्रातिपदिक)

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (निपात)

• सुमिता: well-measured; well-built
• सुमिता: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: सु-√मा (धातु) → मित (कृदन्त) / सुमित (प्रातिपदिक)

• दृंहत: makes firm; strengthens
• दृंहत: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृंह् (धातु)

• द्यौः: Heaven; the Sky
• द्यौः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)