Rig Veda 4.45.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 45, Mantra 2

Sukta 4.45

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Aśvinau / Dawn-associated movement of the Aśvins

Chandas: Jagatī or Triṣṭubh (probable; requires scansion)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उद्वां पृक्षासो मधुमन्त ईरते रथा अश्वास उषसो व्युष्टिषु । अपोर्णुवन्तस्तम आ परीवृतं स्वर्ण शुक्रं तन्वन्त आ रजः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.45.2

Transliteration

úd vāṁ pṛkṣā́so mádhu-manta īrate ráthā aśvā́sa uṣáso vyùṣṭiṣu | apó-ūrṇuvántas táma ā́ parī́vṛtaṁ svàr na śukráṁ tanvántā ā́ rájaḥ ||

Translation

Aapne ghode aur rath lekar upar ki taraf jao. Yeh sab mein madhurta bhari hai. Subah hone ke waqt aap chalo. Andhera jo charo taraf phaila hai, usko hata do. Aasman jaisi chamak faila do.

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Word by Word

• उत्: up, forth
• उत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत् (उपसर्ग) / ud-

• वाम्: you two (as object)
• वाम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक) / yuṣmad-

• पृक्षासः: the refreshers/strengtheners
• पृक्षासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृक्षा- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sprinkling/refreshing, strengthening’)

• मधुमन्तः: honeyed, sweet
• मधुमन्तः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मधुमन्त्- (प्रातिपदिक) < मधु

• ईरते: move, are set in motion
• ईरते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईर् (धातु) / īr ‘to set in motion, to impel’

• रथाः: chariots
• रथाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अश्वासः: horses
• अश्वासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व- (प्रातिपदिक)

• उषसः: of Dawn
• उषसः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्युष्टिषु: in the dawnings
• व्युष्टिषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्युष्टि- (प्रातिपदिक) < वि+उष् ‘to dawn, shine forth’

• अपोर्णुवन्तः: uncovering, opening
• अपोर्णुवन्तः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: अप + उर्णु (धातु) / ūrṇu ‘to uncover, open, unroll’

• तमः: darkness
• तमः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• परीवृतम्: enveloped, wrapped around
• परीवृतम्: Karma
• Type: Participle
• Root: परि + वृत् (धातु) / vṛt ‘to cover, enclose’

• स्वः: sunlight, heaven’s light
• स्वः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वर्/स्वस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sunlight, heaven’)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• शुक्रम्: bright, radiant
• शुक्रम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: शुक्र- (प्रातिपदिक)

• तन्वन्तः: spreading, extending
• तन्वन्तः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: तन् (धातु) / tan ‘to stretch, spread’

• आ: towards, forth
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• रजः: the expanse/space (the airy region)
• रजः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘space, region; dust/mist’)