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Sukta 4.42
Vāmadeva Gautama (hymn RV 4.42 traditionally associated with Vāmadeva; dialogic/self-declaratory style)
Varuṇa (self-proclamation; royal aspect)
Triṣṭubh (probable)
Is mantra mein Varuna khud bolte hain aur batate hain ki woh sabse bade raja hain. Woh kehte hain ki main hi duniya ka niyam chalata hoon aur sab kuch dekhta hoon. Indra bhi is mein aate hain jo apni taakat se dushmano ko harate hain. Varuna niyam aur nyay ka kaam karte hain jabki Indra jeet aur shakti ke hain. Dono mil kar logon ko achha jeevan dete hain. Yeh mantra maangta hai ki humesha dhan ho aur koi takleef na aaye.
Mantra 2
अहं राजा वरुणो मह्यं तान्यसुर्याणि प्रथमा धारयन्त । क्रतुं सचन्ते वरुणस्य देवा राजामि कृष्टेरुपमस्य वव्रेः ॥
Main Varuna raja hoon. Mere liye purani taakaton ne yeh bade kaam sambhale hain. Dev log Varuna ki ichcha ke saath chalte hain. Main logon ka raja hoon, sabse upar rehta hoon.
Mantra 4
अहमपो अपिन्वमुक्षमाणा धारयं दिवं सदन ऋतस्य । ऋतेन पुत्रो अदितेॠतावोत त्रिधातु प्रथयद्वि भूम ॥
Maine paani ko bhar diya, usme zor bhara. Maine aasman ko uski jagah pe pakda rakha. Aditi ke beta ne dharam ke saath yeh sab kiya. Usne duniya ko teen hisson mein baanta aur zameen ko faila diya.
Mantra 6
अहं ता विश्वा चकरं नकिर्मा दैव्यं सहो वरते अप्रतीतम् । यन्मा सोमासो ममदन्यदुक्थोभे भयेते रजसी अपारे ॥
Maine woh sab kaam kar diye jo hone the. Koi bhi devta mujhse bada nahi ho sakta. Jab Som ras mujhme utarta hai, jab stutiyan mujhe uthati hain, tab dono bade kshamp kanpne lagte hain.
Mantra 7
विदुष्टे विश्वा भुवनानि तस्य ता प्र ब्रवीषि वरुणाय वेधः । त्वं वृत्राणि शृण्विषे जघन्वान्त्वं वृताँ अरिणा इन्द्र सिन्धून् ॥
Sab log tumhari baat jaante hain. Isliye tum Varun ko samjha rahe ho. Indra, tum dushmanon ko tod dalte ho. Tum band nadiyon ko aazaad kar dete ho.
Mantra 8
अस्माकमत्र पितरस्त आसन्त्सप्त ऋषयो दौर्गहे बध्यमाने । त आयजन्त त्रसदस्युमस्या इन्द्रं न वृत्रतुरमर्धदेवम् ॥
Hamare yahan pitaji the, saat rishi the. Jab woh mushkil mein phanse the. Tab unhone Trasadasyu ko banaya. Woh Indra jaisa tha, dushman maarn wala, devta jaisi taakat wala.
Mantra 10
राया वयं ससवांसो मदेम हव्येन देवा यवसेन गावः । तां धेनुमिन्द्रावरुणा युवं नो विश्वाहा धत्तमनपस्फुरन्तीम् ॥
Hum dhan jeet ke khush rahein. Bhagwan log aur gaay dono khush rahein. Indra aur Varun, tum humein woh dene wali gaay do. Woh kabhi haath se na nikle, hamesha humare paas rahe.
It is a poetic, revelatory style where the seer speaks with the deity’s authority to proclaim Varuṇa’s sovereignty and the supremacy of ṛta (cosmic and moral order).
Varuṇa is primary in the hymn’s royal self-proclamation, but Indra appears as a complementary power—especially as the one who breaks Vṛtra and releases the rivers—culminating in requests to Indra–Varuṇa together.
It is an image for an unfailing stream of nourishment and prosperity—abundance that keeps giving without slipping away—asked to be established permanently in the worshippers’ life.
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