Rig Veda 3.8.4: Mandala 3, Sukta 8, Mantra 4

Sukta 3.8

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional attribution for RV 3.8 in the Vasiṣṭha family book)

Devata: Vanaspati / sacrificial post and the deities supporting the yajña (contextual); inner sense: the divine formative power that establishes the rite and uplifts consciousness

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for this section; requires full hymn metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

युवा सुवासाः परिवीत आगात्स उ श्रेयान्भवति जायमानः । तं धीरासः कवय उन्नयन्ति स्वाध्यो मनसा देवयन्तः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.8.4

Transliteration

yuvā́ su-vāsā́ḥ párivīta ā́gāt sá u śréyān bhavati jā́yamānaḥ | táṃ dhīrā́saḥ kaváya ún nayanti svādhyò manasā devayántaḥ ||

Translation

Yeh naujawan hai, ache kapde pehne, apni chamak se dhaka hua. Paidalte hi woh sabse bada ban jata hai. Rishi log use uthaate hain, jo apne mann ko sambhal ke bhagwan ki taraf le jaate hain.

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Word by Word

• युवा: young (one)
• युवा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युवन्- (प्रातिपदिक) / यु (यौते इति धातु-सम्बन्धः)

• सुवासाः: well-clad, wearing good garments
• सुवासाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु- + वासस्- (प्रातिपदिक) अथवा सु- + वस् (धातु) → वासस्-

• परिवीतः: wrapped around, encompassed, clothed
• परिवीतः: Kartā
• Type: Participle (past passive) used adjectivally
• Root: परि- + √वी (वी- वेष्टने/आवरणे) → वीत (क्त)

• आगात्: came, arrived
• आगात्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ- + √गम् (गच्छति)

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• उ: indeed, surely
• उ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उ (निपात)

• श्रेयान्: better, more excellent
• श्रेयान्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (comparative)
• Root: श्रेयस्- (श्रेष्ठ-तुल्य/उत्तम-भाव) < श्रि/श्री-सम्बन्धः

• भवति: becomes
• भवति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (भवति)

• जायमानः: being born, as he is born
• जायमानः: Kartā
• Type: Participle (present middle)
• Root: √जन् (जायते) → जायमान (शानच्, वर्तमानकाले मध्यम/आत्मने)

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• धीरासः: the steadfast/wise ones
• धीरासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective (substantive)
• Root: धीरा- (प्रातिपदिक)

• कवयः: poets, seers
• कवयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• उन्नयन्ति: lead up, raise, bring forth
• उन्नयन्ति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्- + √नी (नयति)

• स्वाध्यः: self-impelled, of his own power/impulse
• स्वाध्यः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु- + आध्य/आध्य- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘स्वाध्य’ = स्वाधीन/स्वाध्याय-सम्बद्ध ‘self-impelled/own-impulse’)

• मनसा: with (their) mind, by thought
• मनसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवयन्तः: seeking the gods, god-ward, worshipping
• देवयन्तः: Kartā
• Type: Participle (present active)
• Root: देव- + √यम्/√यत् (इच्छायाम्/प्रवृत्तौ) → देवयन्त् (शतृ, वर्तमानकाले)