Rig Veda 3.49.3: Mandala 3, Sukta 49, Mantra 3

Sukta 3.49

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (attributed for Mandala 3 core; hymn-level attribution assumed)

Devata: Indra (as the battle-crosser and giver; Bhaga is a comparative epithet here, not primary addressee)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for 3.49; verse length and cadence consistent)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सहावा पृत्सु तरणिर्नार्वा व्यानशी रोदसी मेहनावान् । भगो न कारे हव्यो मतीनां पितेव चारुः सुहवो वयोधाः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.49.3

Transliteration

sahā́vā pṛtsú taraṇír nā́rvā vyānaśī́ rodasī́ mehanā́vān | bhágo ná kāré havyo matīnā́m pitā́iva cā́ruḥ suhávo vayaḥdhā́ḥ ||

Translation

Ladai mein woh bahut taqatwar hai, tezi se paar karta hai jaise tez ghoda. Dono duniya ko failata hai, paani bahata hai. Bhagwan jaise deta hai, use bulate hain. Baap jaisa pyaara hai, bulane mein aasan hai, jeevan ki taqat deta hai.

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Word by Word

• सहावा: mighty, prevailing
• सहावा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहावन् (प्रातिपदिक; सह् ‘to overcome/prevail’ + -आवन्) अथवा सहस्-वान्

• पृत्सु: in battles
• पृत्सु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृत्/पृत्स् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘battle, fight’

• तरणिः: the overcomer, deliverer
• तरणिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: तरणि (प्रातिपदिक; √तॄ ‘to cross, overcome’)

• न: not / like (contextual particle)
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• अर्वा: a steed, horse
• अर्वा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘horse, steed’

• व्यानशी: the all-reaching/pervading one
• व्यानशी: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: व्यानशि (प्रातिपदिक; व्य्-√अश्/अंश् ‘to reach/attain, pervade’—वैदिक)

• रोदसी: the two worlds (heaven and earth)
• रोदसी: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोदसी (द्विवचन-प्रातिपदिक) ‘heaven and earth’

• मेहनावान्: possessing generative power; potent
• मेहनावान्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मेहनावन् (प्रातिपदिक; मेहना ‘urine/seed; generative power’ + -वान्)

• भगः: Bhaga (the bestower)
• भगः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: भग (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Bhaga; distributor, fortune’

• न: like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• कारे: in the chant/praise (at the rite)
• कारे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार (प्रातिपदिक) ‘praise/song; act’

• हव्यः: to be invoked; worthy of offering
• हव्यः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हव्य (प्रातिपदिक; √हु ‘to sacrifice’ → ‘oblation-worthy/invocable’)

• मतीनाम्: of the thoughts/hymns
• मतीनाम्: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: मति (प्रातिपदिक) ‘thought, hymn, devotion’

• पिता: a father
• पिता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक) ‘father’

• इव: like
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• चारुः: lovely, dear
• चारुः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चारु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘dear, lovely’

• सुहवः: easy to invoke; graciously called
• सुहवः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-हव (प्रातिपदिक; सु + हव ‘good to invoke/easy to call’)

• वयोधाः: bestower of vital strength (life-power)
• वयोधाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वयो-धा (प्रातिपदिक; वयस् ‘vital strength/age’ + √धा ‘to place, bestow’)