Rig Veda 2.8.2: Mandala 2, Sukta 8, Mantra 2
Sukta 2.8
Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava) (traditional attribution for RV 2.8)
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Gāyatrī (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यः सुनीथो ददाशुषेऽजुर्यो जरयन्नरिम् । चारुप्रतीक आहुतः ॥
Transliteration
yáḥ sunīthó dadāśúṣe ’júryo járayann arím | cā́ru-pratīka ā́hutaḥ ||
Translation
Yeh Agni hai jo daan dene wale ka saath deta hai. Woh kabhi fail nahi hota. Woh andar ke dushman ko khatam karta hai. Uska chehra acha hai aur havan mein jalta hai.
Word by Word
यःwho
यः:
सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य-निर्देशक (यः = ‘who/which’, relative subject)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सुनीथःof good guidance; good leader
सुनीथः:
कर्तृ (यः सुनीथः = ‘who is of good guidance’)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootसु-नीथ (प्रातिपदिक; सु + नीथ ‘leading, guidance’)
ददाशुषेto the giver; to the generous one
ददाशुषे:
सम्प्रदान (to/for the giver)
TypeParticiple (verbal adjective) used substantively
Root√दा (दाने) → ददाशु (परिपूर्ण/परफेक्ट-आधारित कृदन्त ‘giver’)
अजुर्यःunaging; undecaying
अजुर्यः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (qualifier of the subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-जुर्य (प्रातिपदिक; नञ् + जुर्य ‘decaying/aging’, from √जॄ/√जुर् ‘to wear/age’)
जरयन्wearing down; making (someone) old/weak
जरयन्:
कर्तृ (describing the subject’s action: ‘wearing down…’)
TypeVerb (present participle active)
Root√जॄ/√जर् (जरायाम्/क्षये ‘to make old, wear down’)
अरिम्the enemy
अरिम्:
कर्म (object of ‘jarayan’)
TypeNoun
Rootअरी (प्रातिपदिक; ‘enemy/hostile man’, RV usage)
चारुप्रतीकःhaving a lovely appearance
चारुप्रतीकः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (epithet of the subject)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootचारु-प्रतीक (समास; चारु ‘beautiful’ + प्रतीक ‘appearance, form, face’)
आहुतःinvoked; called; offered
आहुतः:
कर्म/भाव (predicate: ‘having been invoked/offered’)
TypeParticiple (PPP) used predicatively
Rootआ-√हु (हवने ‘to offer, invoke’) → आहुत (क्त, past passive participle)
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