Rig Veda 1.113.20: Mandala 1, Sukta 113, Mantra 20

Sukta 1.113

Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditional)

Devata: Uṣas (with Mitra-Varuṇa, Aditi, Sindhu, Pṛthivī, Dyauḥ invoked as confirmers)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यच्चित्रमप्न उषसो वहन्तीजानाय शशमानाय भद्रम् । तन्नो मित्रो वरुणो मामहन्तामदितिः सिन्धुः पृथिवी उत द्यौः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.113.20

Transliteration

yác citrám ápna uṣáso váhantījānā́ya śaśamānā́ya bhadrám | tán no mitró váruṇo māmahantām áditiḥ síndhuḥ pṛthivī́ utá dyáuḥ ||

Translation

Jab subah aati hai toh woh acchi cheezein laati hai. Jo log bhagwan ki puja mein lag ke mehnat karte hain unke liye yeh khushi milti hai. Mitra aur Varun bhagwan humare liye yeh accha badha dein. Aditi maa, nadi, dharti aur aasmaan sab milkar humein ashirwad dein.

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Word by Word

• यत्: which/that (what)
• यत्: Karma (यच्चित्रम्… = ‘that which…’) / सम्बन्ध-निर्देशक
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द

• चित्रम्: wondrous, bright
• चित्रम्: Karma (यत्…चित्रम् = ‘the wondrous (thing)’)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: चित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अप्नः: work, deed, achievement
• अप्नः: Karma (चित्रम् अप्नः = ‘wondrous work/deed’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्नस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• उषसः: of Uṣas (Dawn)
• उषसः: सम्बन्ध (genitive): ‘of Dawn’
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वहन्ती: carrying, bringing
• वहन्ती: Kartā (उषसः … वहन्ती = ‘Dawn carrying/bringing’)
• Type: Participle
• Root: वह् (धातु) → वहन्ती (वर्तमान कृदन्त/शतृ)

• जानाय: for the people / for the man
• जानाय: Sampradāna (recipient): ‘for the people/man’
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (धातु) → जान (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक ‘जान’ = जनित/जन्मना-सम्बद्ध) अथवा ‘जन’ (समूह) से; वेदिक ‘जान’ = ‘जन/मनुष्य’

• शशमानाय: for the striving/active (worshipper)
• शशमानाय: Sampradāna (with जानाय): ‘for the striving/zealous (worshipper)’
• Type: Participle (used as noun/adjective)
• Root: शम् (धातु) → शशमान (वेदिक वर्तमान कृदन्त; reduplicated/intensive-type present stem)

• भद्रम्: good, auspicious (boon)
• भद्रम्: Karma (what is brought): ‘good (boon)’
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: भद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (of मामहन्ताम्): ‘that (boon)’
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: for us / to us
• नः: Sampradāna (to/for us) / सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• मित्रः: Mitra
• मित्रः: Kartā (of मामहन्ताम्): ‘Mitra’
• Type: Noun (deity)
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वरुणः: Varuṇa
• वरुणः: Kartā (co-agent with मित्रः): ‘Varuṇa’
• Type: Noun (deity)
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• मामहन्ताम्: may they favor (us), may they magnify
• मामहन्ताम्: Kriyā (main verb): ‘may they favor/honor’
• Type: Verb
• Root: मह् (धातु ‘to honor, to magnify’) → मा- + महन्ताम् (वेदिक: desiderative/precative-like injunctive/imperative usage in 3rd pl.)

• अदितिः: Aditi
• अदितिः: Kartā (additional subject of मामहन्ताम्)
• Type: Noun (deity)
• Root: अदिति (प्रातिपदिक)

• सिन्धुः: Sindhu (river/ocean)
• सिन्धुः: Kartā (additional subject of मामहन्ताम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृथिवी: Earth
• पृथिवी: Kartā (additional subject of मामहन्ताम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• उत: and, also
• उत: समुच्चय (coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत (निपात)

• द्यौः: Heaven, Sky
• द्यौः: Kartā (additional subject of मामहन्ताम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक) / द्यौस्