Rig Veda 1.10.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 10, Mantra 2

Sukta 1.10

Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 1.1–1.11; hence RV 1.10)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; standard for early Indra hymns in Mandala 1)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यत्सानोः सानुमारुहद्भूर्यस्पष्ट कर्त्वम् । तदिन्द्रो अर्थं चेतति यूथेन वृष्णिरेजति ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.10.2

Transliteration

yát sā́noḥ sā́num ā́ aruhad bhū́ry aspáṣṭa kártvam | tád índro árthaṃ cetati yūthéna vṛ́ṣṇir éjati ||

Translation

Jab rooh ek choti se doosri choti par chadhti hai, tab bahut kaam saaf hone ko rehta hai. Woh sachcha lakshya Indra dekhta hai. Bail ki shakti herd ke saath aage badhti hai aur saari taakat ko ek jagah laakar jeet haasil karti hai.

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Word by Word

• यत्: that which / when / as
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (relative pronoun used as conjunction)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द

• सानोः: of/from the ridge, summit
• सानोः: Apādāna (source/point from which) / Adhikaraṇa (locus) (contextual)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सानु (प्रातिपदिक)

• सानुम्: the ridge/summit
• सानुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सानु (प्रातिपदिक)

• आरुहत्: ascended, climbed
• आरुहत्: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रुह् (रुहँ) ‘to ascend, grow’

• भूरि: much, abundant
• भूरि: —
• Type: Adjective/Indeclinable (quantifier)
• Root: भूरि (अव्यय/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्पष्ट: not clear, indistinct
• अस्पष्ट: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ- + स्पष्ट (प्रातिपदिक) (< √पश्/√स्पश् ‘to see/appear’ in ‘स्पष्ट’)

• कर्त्वम्: deed, exploit
• कर्त्वम्: Karma (of ‘चेतति’) / or object of cognition
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्त्व (प्रातिपदिक; ‘deed, exploit, act’)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (of ‘चेतति’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अर्थम्: purpose, meaning, aim
• अर्थम्: Karma (of ‘चेतति’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)

• चेतति: perceives, understands
• चेतति: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चित् (चितीँ) ‘to perceive, notice, understand’

• यूथेन: with a troop, in a herd
• यूथेन: Karaṇa (instrument/means; ‘with/by a troop’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यूथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृष्णिः: the bull/strong one (Indra)
• वृष्णिः: Kartā (of ‘रेजति’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: वृष्णि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘stallion-like, bull; strong one’; also ‘of the Vṛṣṇis’ in later usage)

• रेजति: shakes, moves, rushes
• रेजति: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रिज्/√रेज् (रेजृँ) ‘to shake, tremble, move’