Shloka 9

गङ्गादर्शनम् तथा गुहसमागमः

Vision of the Gaṅgā and Meeting with Guha

Devanagari script

ततो धान्यधनोपेतान् दानशीलजनान् शिवान्।अकुतश्चिद्भयान् रम्यांश्चैत्ययूपसमावृतान्।।2.50.8।।उद्यानाम्रवनोपेतान् सम्पन्नसलिलाशयान्।तुष्टपुष्टजनाकीर्णान् गोकुलाकुलसेवितान्।।2.50.9।।लक्षणीयान्नरेन्द्राणां ब्रह्मघोषाभिनादितान्। रथेन पुरुषव्याघ्रः कोसलानत्यवर्तत।।2.50.10।।

Transliteration

tato dhānya-dhanopetān dāna-śīla-janān śivān |

akutaścid-bhayān ramyāṁś caitya-yūpa-samāvṛtān || 2.50.8 ||

udyāna-āmra-vanopetān sampanna-salilāśayān |

tuṣṭa-puṣṭa-jana-ākīrṇān go-kula-ākula-sevitān || 2.50.9 ||

lakṣaṇīyān narendrāṇāṁ brahma-ghoṣābhināditān |

rathena puruṣa-vyāghraḥ kosalān atyavartata || 2.50.10 ||

Translation

तब पुरुष-व्याघ्र ने रथ पर आरूढ़ होकर कोसल देश को पार किया—जो धान्य और धन से सम्पन्न था, दानशील और शुभ जनों से भरा था, चारों ओर से निर्भय था; रमणीय, चैत्य और यूपों से सुशोभित; उद्यानों और आम्रवनों से युक्त, जलाशयों से परिपूर्ण; तुष्ट और पुष्ट जनसमूहों से भरा, गोकुलों और पशु-समूहों से सेवित; नरेन्द्रों के देखने योग्य और वेद-घोष से गूँजता हुआ।

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण) (contextual: temporal setting)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) of sequence/time

• dhānya-dhana-upetān: endowed with grain and wealth
• dhānya-dhana-upetān: Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of object 'Kosalas')
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhānya (प्रातिपदिक) + dhana (प्रातिपदिक) + upeta (कृदन्त; √i/√et? upa+√i 'to go/attain', past participle 'upeta')
• Form: Puṃliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā (द्वितीया) plural (बहुवचन); upeta = kta-pratyaya (क्त), past passive participle used adjectivally; compound: dhānya-dhana (dvandva-like coordination inside, treated as tatpurusha with upeta 'endowed with')

• dāna-śīla-janān: having charitable people
• dāna-śīla-janān: Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dāna (प्रातिपदिक) + śīla (प्रातिपदिक) + jana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā plural; tatpurusha: 'dānaśīlāḥ janāḥ' (people of charitable disposition)

• śivān: auspicious, prosperous
• śivān: Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śiva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā plural; adjective to 'Kosalas' (or 'deśān/viṣayān' implied)

• akutaścit-bhayān: fearless, having no fear from anywhere
• akutaścit-bhayān: Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: akutaścit (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक used as prefixal element) + bhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā plural; tatpurusha: 'akutaścit bhayam yeṣām' = 'free from fear from anywhere' (semantic bahuvrihi sense, but form is akutaścit + bhaya as determinative)

• ramyān: charming, delightful
• ramyān: Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ramya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā plural

• caitya-yūpa-samāvṛtān: surrounded by shrines and sacrificial posts
• caitya-yūpa-samāvṛtān: Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: caitya (प्रातिपदिक) + yūpa (प्रातिपदिक) + sam-āvṛta (कृदन्त; sam+ā+√vṛ 'to cover/enclose', kta)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā plural; kta-participle 'samāvṛta' used adjectivally; tatpurusha: 'caityaiḥ yūpaiś ca samāvṛtān' (surrounded by shrines and sacrificial posts)

Context

The Ganga is graced by devatas, danavas, gandharvas and kinneras. Wives of several gandharvas always visit this auspicious river.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Kosala
• Caitya (shrines)
• Yūpa (sacrificial posts)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A righteous realm is portrayed as one where generosity, fearlessness, ritual order, and learning flourish—an implicit model of dhārmic society and governance.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma proceeds on his journey, passing through Kosala, which is described in idealized terms of prosperity, safety, and sacred culture.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s royal steadiness and purposefulness; he moves forward on his vowed path while the narrative highlights the dhārmic world he is leaving behind.