Shloka 10

गङ्गादर्शनम् तथा गुहसमागमः

Vision of the Gaṅgā and Meeting with Guha

Devanagari script

ततो धान्यधनोपेतान् दानशीलजनान् शिवान्।अकुतश्चिद्भयान् रम्यांश्चैत्ययूपसमावृतान्।।2.50.8।।उद्यानाम्रवनोपेतान् सम्पन्नसलिलाशयान्।तुष्टपुष्टजनाकीर्णान् गोकुलाकुलसेवितान्।।2.50.9।।लक्षणीयान्नरेन्द्राणां ब्रह्मघोषाभिनादितान्। रथेन पुरुषव्याघ्रः कोसलानत्यवर्तत।।2.50.10।।

Transliteration

tato dhānyadhanopetān dānaśīlajanān śivān | akutaścidbhayān ramyāṁś caityayūpasamāvṛtān || 2.50.8 ||

udyānāmravanopetān sampannasalilāśayān | tuṣṭapuṣṭajanākīrṇān gokulākulasevitān || 2.50.9 ||

lakṣaṇīyān narendrāṇāṁ brahmaghoṣābhināditān | rathena puruṣavyāghraḥ kosalān atyavartata || 2.50.10 ||

Translation

तब पुरुषों में सिंह राम रथ पर कोसल देश को पार करने लगे—जो अन्न-धन से समृद्ध था, दानशील जनों से शुभ था, चारों ओर से निर्भय और रमणीय था, देवालयों और यज्ञ-स्तम्भों से सुशोभित था; उद्यानों और आम्रवनों से युक्त था, जलाशयों से परिपूर्ण था, तृप्त और पुष्ट जनसमूह से भरा था, गोकुलों और गौसमूहों से सेवित था; राजाओं के देखने योग्य था और वेद-पाठ के ब्रह्मघोष से गूँज रहा था॥

Word by Word

• udyāna-āmra-vana-upetān: having gardens and mango groves
• udyāna-āmra-vana-upetān: Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: udyāna (प्रातिपदिक) + āmra (प्रातिपदिक) + vana (प्रातिपदिक) + upeta (कृदन्त; upa+√i, kta)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā plural; kta-participle; tatpurusha: 'udyānaiḥ āmra-vanaiś ca upetān' (provided with gardens and mango-groves)

• sampanna-salila-āśayān: with water-reservoirs full of water
• sampanna-salila-āśayān: Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sampanna (कृदन्त; sam+√pad 'to be complete/prosper', kta) + salila (प्रातिपदिक) + āśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā plural; tatpurusha: 'sampannaṃ salilaṃ yeṣv āśayeṣu' (reservoirs/tanks with abundant water)

• tuṣṭa-puṣṭa-jana-ākīrṇān: crowded with contented and well-fed people
• tuṣṭa-puṣṭa-jana-ākīrṇān: Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tuṣṭa (कृदन्त; √tuṣ 'to be pleased', kta) + puṣṭa (कृदन्त; √puṣ 'to nourish', kta) + jana (प्रातिपदिक) + ākīrṇa (कृदन्त; ā+√kṝ/√kīr 'to scatter/fill', kta)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā plural; tatpurusha: 'tuṣṭaiḥ puṣṭaiś ca janaiḥ ākīrṇān' (crowded with contented and well-nourished people)

• gokula-ākula-sevitān: frequented by abundant cattle-herds/cow-settlements
• gokula-ākula-sevitān: Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gokula (प्रातिपदिक) + ākula (प्रातिपदिक) + sevita (कृदन्त; √sev 'to serve/inhabit', kta)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā plural; tatpurusha: 'gokulaiḥ ākulaiḥ sevitān' (frequented by herds/cow-settlements in abundance)

Context

Rama, the best of men, crossed the auspicious land of Kosala which was worth seeing by kings. It looked charming with sacrificial posts and altars, pleasure gardens and mango groves and tanks filled with water. It was rich with herds of cattle, wealth and foodgrains. It was inhabited by charitable, contented and wellnourished people free from fear from any quarter. And it reverberated with the sounds of Vedic recitations.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma (puruṣavyāghraḥ)
• Kosala
• caitya (shrines)
• yūpa (sacrificial posts)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A dharmic kingdom is portrayed by social welfare: charity, fearlessness, ritual order, and prosperity shared among contented people.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rāma travels, the poem describes Kosala’s ideal conditions—material abundance and spiritual culture—before he reaches Ayodhyā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Indirectly, the virtue of righteous governance (rajadharma) that produces a fearless, charitable, and Veda-resounding society.