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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 33, Shloka 29

त्रयस्त्रिंशः सर्गः

Civic Lament and Rama’s Dutiful Approach to Daśaratha

प्रतीक्षमाणोऽपि जनं तदार्तमनार्तरूपः प्रहसन्निवाथ।जगाम रामः पितरं दिदृक्षुःपितुर्निदेशं विधिवच्चिकीर्षुः।।।।

pratīkṣamāṇo 'pi janaṃ tadārtam anārtarūpaḥ prahasann ivātha | jagāma rāmaḥ pitaraṃ didṛkṣuḥ pitur nideśaṃ vidhivac cikīrṣuḥ ||

उस समय जनसमुदाय को व्याकुल देखकर भी राम ने अपना शोक प्रकट न किया; मानो मुस्कराते हुए, पिता के दर्शन हेतु और उनके आदेश को विधिपूर्वक करने की इच्छा से वे चले।

प्रतीक्षमाणःwaiting/observing
प्रतीक्षमाणः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-ईक्ष् (धातु)
Formशतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘waiting/looking on’
अपिeven
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपातार्थ)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle) ‘even/also’
जनम्the people
जनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
तदाthen
तदा:
Kala-adhikarana (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक अव्यय (adverb of time)
आर्तम्distressed
आर्तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (जनस्य)
अनार्त-रूपःwith an untroubled appearance
अनार्त-रूपः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्-आर्त (प्रातिपदिक) + रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारय (‘not-sorrowful in appearance’)
प्रहसन्smiling
प्रहसन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-हस् (धातु)
Formशतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘smiling’
इवas if
इव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उपमार्थ)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-वाचक अव्यय (comparative particle)
अथthen
अथ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formनिपात/समुच्चयार्थ ‘then/and’
जगामwent
जगाम:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
रामःRama
रामः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
पितरम्(his) father
पितरम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
दिदृक्षुःwishing to see
दिदृक्षुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formसन्नन्त (desiderative) + उ (कृदन्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘wishing to see’
पितुःof (his) father
पितुः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (genitive), एकवचन
निदेशम्command
निदेशम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootनि-देश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
विधिवत्duly
विधिवत्:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविधिवत् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb) ‘according to rule/duty’
चिकीर्षुःintending to carry out
चिकीर्षुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formसन्नन्त (desiderative) + उ (कृदन्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘wishing to do/carry out’

The streets were so thronged with multitudes of citizens that they were impassable. Therefore, people felt miserable and ascended their mansions and gazed at Rama.

R
Rāma
D
Daśaratha (implied)
A
Ayodhyā citizens (implicit)

FAQs

Dharma as disciplined obedience and propriety: Rāma prioritizes rightful action and respectful procedure over public emotion and personal pain.

Rāma, seeing the city’s grief, nevertheless proceeds to meet Daśaratha to understand and fulfill the king’s instruction.

Ātma-saṃyama (self-control) and maryādā (maintaining dignified conduct under pressure).