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Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 45, Shloka 37

Adhyaya 45Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

यथा बीजं त्वचा तद्वदव्यक्तेनावृतो महान् ।

सात्त्विको राजसश्चैव तामसश्च त्रिधोदितः ॥

yathā bījaṃ tvacā tadvad avyaktenāvṛto mahān | sāttviko rājasaś caiva tāmasaś ca tridhoditaḥ ||

जैसे बीज अपने छिलके से ढका रहता है, वैसे ही महत् तत्त्व अव्यक्त से आच्छादित है। और वह (महत्) तीन प्रकार का कहा गया है—सात्त्विक, राजस और तामस।

yathājust as
yathā:
Upamāna-marker (उपमान-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormComparative particle (उपमान-निपात): 'as/just as'
bījama seed
bījam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbīja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसक), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
tvacāby/with a skin (covering)
tvacā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Roottvac (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
tadvatlikewise
tadvat:
Upamāna-anvaya (उपमानान्वय)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadvat (अव्यय)
FormAdverbial particle (निपात): 'likewise, in the same way'
avyaktenaby the unmanifest (Prakṛti)
avyaktena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootavyakta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसक), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
āvṛtaḥcovered
āvṛtaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootā-√vṛ (वृ) → āvṛta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; qualifying 'mahān'
mahānMahat
mahān:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmahant (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
sāttvikaḥsāttvika
sāttvikaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsāttvika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; one of three modes
rājasaḥrājasa
rājasaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootrājasa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय): 'and'
evaindeed
eva:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (अवधारण-निपात): 'indeed/just'
tāmasaḥtāmasa
tāmasaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottāmasa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
tridhāthreefold
tridhā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottridhā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण): 'in three ways'
uditaḥmanifested
uditaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootud- + √i (इ) / √dā? → udita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; 'arisen/manifested' (agreeing with implied 'ahaṅkāraḥ' or 'saḥ')
Not specified in the provided extract

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "jnana", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

CosmologyGuṇasAvyaktaMahat

FAQs

The seed metaphor teaches that manifest intelligence is still conditioned by the unmanifest matrix; likewise, human cognition is shaped by guṇas. Ethical cultivation involves increasing sattva to clarify perception and action.

Sarga: explains differentiation within the first evolute (Mahat) through the three guṇas.

The ‘covering’ implies veiling (āvaraṇa): reality is present but obscured. Spiritual practice is portrayed as removing coverings so the inner intelligence reflects consciousness without distortion.