इति वाक्यगुणानां च वाग्दोषान्द्विनव श्रृणु । अपेतार्थमभिन्नार्थमपवृत्तं तथाधिकम्
iti vākyaguṇānāṃ ca vāgdoṣāndvinava śrṛṇu | apetārthamabhinnārthamapavṛttaṃ tathādhikam
આ રીતે વાક્યના ગુણ જણાવાયા; હવે વાણીના અઢાર દોષ સાંભળો—‘અર્થવિહિન’, ‘અભિન્ન/અસ્પષ્ટ અર્થવાળું’, ‘વિષયથી વિમુખ’, અને ‘અતિરિક્ત’, વગેરે।
Satyavrata
Scene: A formal enumeration scene: the teacher counts categories on fingers or with a rosary, while a scribe records the list of eighteen speech-faults; orderly, didactic atmosphere.
Dharma is protected by guarding one’s speech—avoiding meaninglessness, confusion, digression, and excess that distort truth.
No holy place is praised here; the emphasis is on ethical communication.
No formal ritual; it begins a practical ‘discipline of speech’ by listing faults to be avoided.