Valmiki Ramayana 2.81.3: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 81, Shloka 3

एकाशीति तमः सर्गः

Bharata’s Grief, Courtly Summons, and the Assembly Hall

Devanagari script

स तूर्यघोष स्सुमहान्दिवमापूरयन्निव।भरतं शोकसन्तप्तं भूयश्शोकैररन्ध्रयत्।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.81.3

Transliteration

sa tūrya-ghoṣaḥ sumahān divam āpūrayann iva |

bharataṃ śoka-santaptaṃ bhūyaḥ śokair arandhrayat ||

Translation

તે મહાન તૂર્યઘોષ જાણે આકાશને જ ભરતો હોય એવો હતો; શોકથી દગ્ધ ભરતને તેણે ફરી વધુ શોકથી ઘેરી લીધો.

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Word by Word

• saḥ: that
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.); सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• tūrya-ghoṣaḥ: the sound of trumpets/instruments
• tūrya-ghoṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tūrya (प्रातिपदिक) + ghoṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (sound of instruments); पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.)

• sumahān: very great
• sumahān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su + mahant (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.); विशेषण to 'tūryaghoṣaḥ'

• divam: heaven/sky
• divam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: div (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.)

• āpūrayan: filling
• āpūrayan: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/participial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + √pṝ (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकालिक कृदन्त (present active participle, शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.); 'filling'

• iva: as if
• iva: Upamāna-dyotaka (उपमानद्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमानवाचक (particle of comparison)

• bharatam: Bharata
• bharatam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.)

• śoka-santaptam: tormented by grief
• śoka-santaptam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śoka (प्रातिपदिक) + santapta (कृदन्त; √tap धातु)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास; पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.); विशेषण to 'bharatam'

• bhūyaḥ: still more
• bhūyaḥ: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bhūyas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; पुनरर्थक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb): 'again/more'

• śokaiḥ: with sorrows
• śokaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śoka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), तृतीया (Instr.), बहुवचन (pl.)

• arandhrayat: overwhelmed/filled
• arandhrayat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: a + √randh (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (sg.); causative sense in context: 'made (him) without interval/filled up'

Context

The shrill trempets which seemed to fill the heavens caused much more distress to the already grief-stricken Bharata.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• tūrya (musical instruments/trumpets)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse underscores the human cost when dharma is disturbed: public ritual sounds, normally auspicious, become painful in a time of moral and familial rupture.

What is the narrative situation?

The ceremonial blaring in the palace occurs while Bharata is in deep mourning, intensifying his emotional turmoil.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s sensitivity and conscience: his grief reflects moral awareness of the wrong done and the calamity that has followed.