Shloka 3

Adhyaya 41 — Yogic Conduct and the Discipline Leading to Siddhi

Sanskrit

मानापमानौ यावेतौ तावेवाहुर्विषामृते । अपमानोऽमृतं तत्र मानस्तु विषमं विषम् ॥

Transliteration

mānāpamānau yāvetau tāvevāhur viṣāmṛte | apamāno 'mṛtaṃ tatra mānas tu viṣamaṃ viṣam ||

Translation

માન અને અપમાનને વિષ અને અમૃત કહેવાય છે; તેમાં અપમાન અમૃત છે, અને માન અતિ ભયંકર વિષ છે.

Word by Word

• māna-apamānau: honor and dishonor
• māna-apamānau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māna (प्रातिपदिक) + apamāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual; द्वन्द्व-समासः

• yāv: which (two)
• yāv: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual; relative pronoun

• etau: these (two)
• etau: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual; demonstrative

• tau: those two
• tau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual; pronoun

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; emphatic particle

• āhuḥ: they say
• āhuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ah (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd Person (प्रथम-पुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• viṣa-amṛte: poison and nectar
• viṣa-amṛte: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + amṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Dual; द्वन्द्व-समासः; object of āhuḥ (‘(as) poison and nectar’)

• apamānaḥ: dishonor
• apamānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: apamāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• amṛtam: nectar
• amṛtam: Pradhāna (प्रधान/समास्य-प्रत्यय; predicate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: amṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate nominative

• tatra: there/in that case
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb of place/context

• mānaḥ: honor
• mānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adversative particle (तु)

• viṣamam: uneven; dreadful
• viṣamam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: viṣama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate adjective qualifying viṣam

• viṣam: poison
• viṣam: Pradhāna (प्रधान/predicate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viṣa (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate nominative

Speakers

• Dattātreya instructing Alarka

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "niti", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Ego-dissolution
• Humility
• Detachment from praise

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Praise tends to inflate ego and bind one to social identity, while insult can cut pride and strengthen renunciation; hence the yogin values what reduces attachment.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ethical-psychological instruction (yoga-dharma) rather than cosmological/genealogical pañcalakṣaṇa material.

What is the esoteric significance?

“Nectar” and “poison” symbolize subtle inner effects: insult can awaken vigilance and dispassion; honor intoxicates the mind, obstructing samādhi.