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Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 53

यश्चैवास्तमिते सूर्ये भुंक्ते च श्राद्धकृन्नरः । व्यर्थतां याति तच्छ्राद्धं तस्माद्भुंजीत नो निशि

yaścaivāstamite sūrye bhuṃkte ca śrāddhakṛnnaraḥ | vyarthatāṃ yāti tacchrāddhaṃ tasmādbhuṃjīta no niśi

Si l’homme qui accomplit le Śrāddha mange après le coucher du Soleil, ce Śrāddha devient sans fruit. C’est pourquoi il ne faut pas manger la nuit.

यःwho
यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक-यत् (relative pronoun)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
एवindeed/just
एव:
Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
अस्तमितेwhen (it is) set
अस्तमिते:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअस्तमित (कृदन्त; √अस् + अस्तम् + क्त)
Formसप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि/भूतभावे (past passive participle)
सूर्येin/when the sun
सूर्ये:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन
भुङ्क्तेeats
भुङ्क्ते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भुज् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
श्राद्धकृत्one who performs śrāddha
श्राद्धकृत्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध + √कृ (धातु) (कृदन्त; कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (श्राद्धं करोति इति)
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन
व्यर्थताम्futility/ineffectiveness
व्यर्थताम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootव्यर्थता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन
यातिgoes/comes to
याति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√या (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
तत्that
तत्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण-रूपेण
श्राद्धम्the śrāddha rite
श्राद्धम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
Hetu (Reason/हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपञ्चमी-एकवचन-रूपेण निपातवत् (ablatival adverb: 'therefore/from that reason')
भुञ्जीतshould eat
भुञ्जीत:
Vidhi (Injunction/विधि)
TypeVerb
Root√भुज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
not
:
Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)
निशिat night
निशि:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootनिशा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन

Bhartṛyajña (instructor) to Ānarta (king) — inferred from the Śrāddha-kalpa dialogue flow

Tirtha: Hāṭakeśvara-kṣetra

Type: kshetra

Listener: General injunction to the śrāddha-performer; framed with address to a ruler in the passage

Scene: A cautionary scene: the Sun near the horizon; a śrāddha performer hastens to complete offerings and meal before dusk; the contrast of daylight sanctity versus the inauspiciousness of night-eating is implied.

S
Sūrya

FAQs

Proper timing is part of dharma: rites for the ancestors must be done within prescribed solar limits to retain their efficacy.

The instruction appears within the Hāṭakeśvara-kṣetra Māhātmya of the Nāgara Khaṇḍa.

Do not eat after sunset during Śrāddha; avoid night-eating so the rite does not lose its merit.