Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 75

Devanagari script

सर्वेषां हृदयावासः साक्षात्साक्षी त्वमेव हि । बहिरंतर्विना त्वां तु नह्यन्यं वेद्मि सर्वगम्

Transliteration

sarveṣāṃ hṛdayāvāsaḥ sākṣātsākṣī tvameva hi | bahiraṃtarvinā tvāṃ tu nahyanyaṃ vedmi sarvagam

Translation

Tu demeures dans le cœur de tous, et Toi seul es le Témoin immédiat. En dehors de Toi—au dedans comme au dehors—je ne connais nul autre Seigneur omniprésent.

Word by Word

• सर्वेषाम्: of all
• सर्वेषाम्: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• हृदय-आवासः: dweller in the heart
• हृदय-आवासः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हृदय (प्रातिपदिक) + आवास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• साक्षात्: directly, manifestly
• साक्षात्: Visheshana (Adverbial qualifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साक्षात् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• साक्षी: witness
• साक्षी: Karta (Subject complement/कर्ता-विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• एव: indeed, only
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle of emphasis)

• हि: for, indeed
• हि: Sambandha (Causal/emphatic particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle)

• बहिः: outside
• बहिः: Desha (Locative sense/देश)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: बहिः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• अन्तः: inside
• अन्तः: Desha (Locative sense/देश)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्तः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• विना: without
• विना: Apadana (Separation/अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विना (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपपद-निपात (preposition governing accusative)

• त्वाम्: you
• त्वाम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (contrastive particle)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Negation/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (Emphasis/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle)

• अन्यम्: another
• अन्यम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• वेद्मि: I know
• वेद्मि: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• सर्वगम्: all-pervading
• सर्वगम्: Karma (Object complement/कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + ग (प्रातिपदिक; √गम्-सम्बद्ध)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

Speaker

Dhruva (addressing Bhagavān Viṣṇu)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kāśī

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Śaunaka and ṛṣis (frame typical)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A devotee in Kāśī offers a hymn of non-dual devotion, visualizing the Lord as the inner Witness shining in all hearts, with the Gaṅgā and Viśvanātha’s spire in the background.

Characters & Entities

• Dhruva
• Viṣṇu

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

God is the inner Witness (antaryāmin) present in all beings; true devotion recognizes no power higher than the all-pervading Lord.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The verse occurs in the Kāśīkhaṇḍa (Kāśī/Varanasi) narrative setting, where divine presence is emphasized as immediate and all-pervading.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

No direct ritual is prescribed here; it is a devotional confession/stuti stressing inner realization.