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Shiva Purana — Vayaviya Samhita, Shloka 13

श्रद्धामाहात्म्यं तथा देवीप्रश्नः

The Greatness of Śraddhā and Devī’s Question to Śiva

तदावसरमालोक्य सर्वलोकमहेश्वरी । भर्तारं परिपप्रच्छ सर्वलोकमहेश्वरम् । देव्युवाच । केन वश्यो महादेवो मर्त्यानां मंदचेतसाम् । आत्मतत्त्वाद्यशक्तानामात्मनामकृतात्मनाम्

tadāvasaramālokya sarvalokamaheśvarī | bhartāraṃ paripapraccha sarvalokamaheśvaram | devyuvāca | kena vaśyo mahādevo martyānāṃ maṃdacetasām | ātmatattvādyaśaktānāmātmanāmakṛtātmanām

Voyant l’instant favorable, la Déesse—Souveraine de tous les mondes—interrogea son Époux, le Grand Seigneur de tous les mondes. La Déesse dit : «Par quel moyen Mahādeva devient-il gracieux et répond-il aux mortels à l’intelligence obtuse—incapables de la vérité du Soi (Ātman) et des principes suprêmes, et dont l’être intérieur n’est pas encore affiné ?»

tadāthen
tadā:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)
avasaramoccasion, opportunity
avasaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootavasara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (usage varies), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
ālokyahaving seen
ālokya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√lok (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive), ‘having seen/observed’
sarva-loka-maheśvarīthe great goddess, mistress of all worlds
sarva-loka-maheśvarī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक) + maheśvarī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: ‘सर्वलोकस्य महेश्वरी’
bhartāramhusband, lord
bhartāram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
paripapracchaasked
paripapraccha:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpari-√prach (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद; ‘asked (repeatedly/fully)’
sarva-loka-maheśvaramthe great lord of all worlds
sarva-loka-maheśvaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक) + maheśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: ‘सर्वलोकस्य महेश्वरम्’
devīthe goddess
devī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdevī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
kenaby what? by whom?
kena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular); प्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम (interrogative pronoun)
vaśyaḥsubjugated, controllable
vaśyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvaśya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (predicate adjective)
mahādevaḥMahādeva (Śiva)
mahādevaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmahādeva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); कर्मधारयः: ‘महान् देवः’
martyānāmof mortals
martyānām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootmartya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural)
manda-cetasāmof dull-minded (ones)
manda-cetasām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Rootmanda (प्रातिपदिक) + cetas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural); कर्मधारयः: ‘मन्दं चेतः येषाम्’ (dull-minded)
ātma-tattva-ādi-aśaktānāmof those incapable (of grasping) the self-principle etc.
ātma-tattva-ādi-aśaktānām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक) + tattva (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + aśakta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural); तत्पुरुषः: ‘आत्मतत्त्वादौ अशक्ताः’ (incapable regarding self-truth etc.)
ātmanāmof persons/souls
ātmanām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural)
akṛta-ātmanāmof the undisciplined (unrefined)
akṛta-ātmanām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Roota-kṛta (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural); बहुव्रीहिः: ‘अकृतात्मा येषाम्’ (undisciplined/unrefined selves)

Parvati

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Mahādeva

Significance: Frames the central Siddhāntic problem: how the bound souls (paśu), dull and unrefined, can access Śiva’s responsiveness—implicitly pointing to accessible upāyas (bhakti, pūjā, śaraṇāgati) culminating in anugraha.

Shakti Form: Pārvatī

Role: teaching

S
Shiva
P
Parvati

FAQs

It frames a core Shaiva concern: how bound souls (paśu), limited in understanding and inner refinement, can still receive Śiva’s grace. The verse introduces the theme that the Lord becomes accessible through compassionate means suited to ordinary people.

The question implies that mortals need a practicable approach to reach the transcendent Lord. In Shaiva tradition, Saguna worship—especially Śiva as the Liṅga—serves as an accessible support through which devotion and reverence mature into insight and liberation.

While this verse itself is a question, it points toward simple, grace-oriented practices typically taught next in such dialogues—devotional worship, mantra-japa (notably the Pañcākṣarī), and purifying disciplines like bhasma/tripuṇḍra and rudrākṣa as aids for the unrefined mind.