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Shloka 23

विष्णु-ब्रह्म-विवाद-वर्णनम्

Description of the Viṣṇu–Brahmā Dispute and Brahmā’s Confusion

ब्रह्मोवाच । कस्त्वं वदेति हस्तेन समुत्थाप्य सनातनम् । तदा हस्तप्रहारेण तीव्रेण सुदृढेन तु

brahmovāca | kastvaṃ vadeti hastena samutthāpya sanātanam | tadā hastaprahāreṇa tīvreṇa sudṛḍhena tu

Brahmā dit : « Qui es-tu ? »—et, disant cela, il leva la main contre l’Éternel ; puis, d’un coup de main violent et d’une fermeté extrême, il frappa.

ब्रह्माBrahmā
ब्रह्मा:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुँलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (perfect/लिट्), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
कःwho
कः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुँलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन
वदtell/speak
वद:
क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवद् (धातु)
Formलोट् (imperative/लोट्), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
इतिthus
इति:
सम्बन्ध (Quotation marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण-अव्यय (quotative)
हस्तेनwith (his) hand
हस्तेन:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootहस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुँलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; करण (instrumental)
समुत्थाप्यhaving raised/roused
समुत्थाप्य:
पूर्वक्रिया (Prior action/पूर्वक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + उत् + स्था (धातु) → समुत्थाप्य (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; पूर्वक्रिया (prior action): ‘having raised/roused’
सनातनम्the eternal one
सनातनम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुँलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)
तदाthen
तदा:
कालाधिकरण (Time/कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)
हस्तप्रहारेणby a blow of the hand
हस्तप्रहारेण:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootहस्त + प्रहार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुँलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (‘hand-strike’); करण
तीव्रेणintense/strong
तीव्रेण:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतीव्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुँलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying the blow)
सुदृढेनvery firm
सुदृढेन:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु + दृढ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुँलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; उपसर्गपूर्वक-विशेषण
तुindeed/but
तु:
सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण/विरोध-अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)

Brahma

Tattva Level: pashu

B
Brahma
S
Sanatana (the Eternal One)

FAQs

It highlights how even exalted cosmic authority (Brahmā) can be veiled by ego and ignorance when confronting the Sanātana Reality; Shaiva Siddhānta reads this as a lesson that true knowledge arises through humility and Shiva’s grace, not mere status.

The “Eternal One” points to the transcendent Lord who later becomes knowable through compassionate forms (Saguna), including the Linga as an accessible focus for devotion—teaching that the Infinite cannot be mastered by force but approached by reverence and worship.

The takeaway is inner restraint and surrender: approach Shiva through japa of the Pañcākṣarī (“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) and disciplined devotion rather than pride—cultivating humility before the Supreme Pati.