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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 15

Varṇāśrama Saṁskāras, Upanayana Windows, Brahmacārin Ācāra, and Anadhyāya Prohibitions

Devanagari script

द्विजोपनयने विप्र मुख्यकालव्यतिक्रमे । द्वादशाब्दं चरेत्कृच्छ्रं पश्चाज्चांद्रायणं तथा । सांतपनद्वयं चैव कृत्वा कर्म समाचरेत् ॥ १५ ॥

Transliteration

dvijopanayane vipra mukhyakālavyatikrame | dvādaśābdaṃ caretkṛcchraṃ paścājcāṃdrāyaṇaṃ tathā | sāṃtapanadvayaṃ caiva kṛtvā karma samācaret || 15 ||

Translation

Ô brāhmane, si l’on a manqué le temps principal pour accomplir l’upanayana (initiation au cordon sacré) d’un deux-fois-né, qu’on observe la pénitence Kṛcchra durant douze ans ; ensuite qu’on accomplisse aussi le vœu Cāndrāyaṇa et, après deux pénitences Sāntapana, qu’on exécute alors le rite selon la règle.

Word by Word
द्विजोपनयनेin the upanayana of a twice-born
द्विजोपनयने:
अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज + उपनयन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (द्विजस्य उपनयनम्)
विप्रO Brahmin
विप्र:
सम्बोधन (Address)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन
मुख्यकालव्यतिक्रमेupon transgression of the principal time (limit)
मुख्यकालव्यतिक्रमे:
अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootमुख्य + काल + व्यतिक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (मुख्यः कालः तस्य व्यतिक्रमः)
द्वादशाब्दम्for twelve years
द्वादशाब्दम्:
कालपरिमाण (Duration/measure)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वादश + अब्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (द्वादश अब्दाः = twelve years) used adverbially as duration
चरेत्should perform/practice
चरेत्:
क्रिया (Verb/Action)
TypeVerb
Rootचर् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
कृच्छ्रम्the Kṛcchra penance
कृच्छ्रम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootकृच्छ्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; name of a penance
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
कालाधिकरण (Adverbial time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात् (अव्यय)
Formकालाव्यय (adverb of time)
चान्द्रायणम्the Cāndrāyaṇa (lunar) penance
चान्द्रायणम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootचान्द्रायण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; name of a penance
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकाराव्यय (adverb: ‘thus/also’)
सांतपनद्वयम्a pair of Sāṃtapana (penances)
सांतपनद्वयम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootसांतपन + द्वय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (सांतपनस्य द्वयम्: two Sāṃtapana penances)
चand
च:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय (conjunction)
एवindeed
एव:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण (emphatic particle)
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
पूर्वकालक्रिया (Prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘having done’
कर्मthe rite/duty
कर्म:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन
समाचरेत्should duly perform
समाचरेत्:
क्रिया (Verb/Action)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + आ + चर् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada on Dharma and Prāyaścitta)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Cāndrāyaṇa; Kṛcchra; Sāntapana (two times)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

FAQs

It frames missed saṃskāras as a dharmic lapse that can be purified through disciplined prāyaścitta, restoring ritual eligibility and inner purity before completing the initiation.

While primarily ritual-legal, it supports bhakti indirectly: purification and right conduct (śuddhi and niyama) are presented as foundations that stabilize a devotee’s life so worship and mantra practice can proceed without impediment.

Kalpa (ritual procedure) and its prāyaścitta framework are central, with time-keeping and observance patterns linked to lunar discipline in the Cāndrāyaṇa vow.

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