Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 69, Shloka 2

भरतस्य दुःस्वप्नदर्शनम्

Bharata’s Ominous Dream

Devanagari script

व्युष्टामेव तु तां रात्रिं दृष्ट्वा तं स्वप्नमप्रियम्।पुत्रो राजाधिराजस्य सुभृशं पर्यतप्यत।।।।

Transliteration

vyuṣṭām eva tu tāṃ rātriṃ dṛṣṭvā taṃ svapnam apriyam | putro rājādhirājasya subhṛśaṃ paryatapyata ||

Translation

Cuando aquella noche apenas había dado paso al alba, el hijo del emperador, tras ver aquel sueño desagradable, quedó hondamente afligido.

Word by Word

• vyuṣṭām: dawned/ended (night)
• vyuṣṭām: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vyuṣṭa (कृदन्त; √vas/√uṣ? here √uṣ 'to dawn' with vi-, क्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (rātrim)

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणाव्यय (emphasis)

• tu: but/and
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/अन्वय (contrastive particle)

• tām: that
• tām: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (rātrim)

• rātrim: night
• rātrim: Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rātri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कालाधिकरणे द्वितीया

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Purvakala (पूर्वकालः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/क्त्वा), पूर्वकाल (having seen)

• tam: that
• tam: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (svapnam)

• svapnam: dream
• svapnam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svapna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म (object of dṛṣṭvā)

• apriyam: unpleasant
• apriyam: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-priya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (svapnam)

• putraḥ: son
• putraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्ता

• rājādhirājasya: of the king of kings
• rājādhirājasya: Shashthi-Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan + adhi + rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ('rājñām adhirājaḥ'), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; सम्बन्ध (genitive)

• subhṛśam: exceedingly
• subhṛśam: Kriya-Visheshana (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: subhṛśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial accusative)

• paryatapyata: was greatly distressed
• paryatapyata: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-tap (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/past/लङ्), आत्मनेपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Context

The son of the king of kings (Bharata) felt extremely troubled hen he had an unpleasant dream at dawn.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata (implied as the son)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse underscores moral sensitivity: a righteous narrative world treats impending adharma or loss as something that troubles the good. Dharma here is the attentive conscience that does not remain indifferent when signs of harm arise.

What is the narrative situation?

The narrator introduces Bharata’s condition at dawn after a disturbing dream, setting the stage for Bharata’s subsequent recounting of the ominous details.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s conscientiousness: he is deeply affected, indicating a heart attuned to the welfare of family and kingdom.