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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 52, Shloka 27

गङ्गातरणम्, सुमन्त्र-प्रतिनिवर्तनम्, जटाधारणम्

Crossing the Gaṅgā; Sumantra’s Return; Adoption of Ascetic Signs

अदृष्टदुःखं राजानं वृद्धमार्यं जितेन्द्रियम्।ब्रूयास्त्वमभिवाद्यैव मम हेतोरिदं वचः।।2.52.27।।

adṛṣṭaduḥkhaṃ rājānaṃ vṛddham āryaṃ jitendriyam | brūyās tvam abhivādyaiva mama hetoḥ idaṃ vacaḥ || 2.52.27 ||

Tras rendirle reverencia, dile al rey—anciano, noble, dueño de sí y no habituado al dolor—estas palabras de mi parte.

adṛṣṭa-duḥkhamwho has not experienced sorrow
adṛṣṭa-duḥkham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roota-dṛṣṭa (√dṛś धातु, क्त कृदन्त) + duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa compound; Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifying rājānam; 'one who has not seen sorrow'
rājānamthe king
rājānam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
vṛddhamold
vṛddham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootvṛddha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifying rājānam
āryamnoble, venerable
āryam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootārya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifying rājānam
jita-indriyamself-controlled
jita-indriyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootjita (√ji धातु, क्त कृदन्त) + indriya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa compound; Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifying rājānam; 'one whose senses are conquered'
brūyāḥyou should tell
brūyāḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√brū (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 2nd person, Singular
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Nominative, Singular
abhivādyahaving paid respects
abhivādya:
Pūrvakāla (पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootabhi√vad (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), indeclinable (अव्ययीभाववत्), 'having saluted'
evaindeed, just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, emphatic particle (निपात)
mamaof me; my
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
hetoḥfor the sake (of)
hetoḥ:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Roothetu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; idiomatically 'for my sake/on my behalf'
idamthis
idam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Neuter, Accusative, Singular; object of brūyāḥ
vacaḥwords, message
vacaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvacas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular (vacaḥ as 2nd sg. n.); apposition to idam

After offering your salutations, tell these words, on my behalf, to the king who is respectable, bent with age and who has conquered his senses and never experienced any sorrow before.

D
Daśaratha
S
Sumantra

FAQs

Dharma is expressed as reverence (abhivādana) and truthful communication delivered respectfully to elders and rulers.

Rāma instructs Sumantra to convey a message to Daśaratha with proper courtly and familial etiquette.

Humility and propriety (vinaya, maryādā) in speech and conduct.