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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 15

Varṇāśrama Saṁskāras, Upanayana Windows, Brahmacārin Ācāra, and Anadhyāya Prohibitions

Devanagari script

द्विजोपनयने विप्र मुख्यकालव्यतिक्रमे । द्वादशाब्दं चरेत्कृच्छ्रं पश्चाज्चांद्रायणं तथा । सांतपनद्वयं चैव कृत्वा कर्म समाचरेत् ॥ १५ ॥

Transliteration

dvijopanayane vipra mukhyakālavyatikrame | dvādaśābdaṃ caretkṛcchraṃ paścājcāṃdrāyaṇaṃ tathā | sāṃtapanadvayaṃ caiva kṛtvā karma samācaret || 15 ||

Translation

Oh brāhmaṇa, si se ha perdido el tiempo principal para realizar el upanayana (iniciación del cordón sagrado) de un dos veces nacido, debe observarse la penitencia Kṛcchra durante doce años; después, cumplir también el voto Cāndrāyaṇa y, habiendo realizado dos penitencias Sāntapana, ejecutar entonces el rito conforme al dharma.

Word by Word
द्विजोपनयनेin the upanayana of a twice-born
द्विजोपनयने:
अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज + उपनयन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (द्विजस्य उपनयनम्)
विप्रO Brahmin
विप्र:
सम्बोधन (Address)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन
मुख्यकालव्यतिक्रमेupon transgression of the principal time (limit)
मुख्यकालव्यतिक्रमे:
अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootमुख्य + काल + व्यतिक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (मुख्यः कालः तस्य व्यतिक्रमः)
द्वादशाब्दम्for twelve years
द्वादशाब्दम्:
कालपरिमाण (Duration/measure)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वादश + अब्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (द्वादश अब्दाः = twelve years) used adverbially as duration
चरेत्should perform/practice
चरेत्:
क्रिया (Verb/Action)
TypeVerb
Rootचर् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
कृच्छ्रम्the Kṛcchra penance
कृच्छ्रम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootकृच्छ्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; name of a penance
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
कालाधिकरण (Adverbial time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात् (अव्यय)
Formकालाव्यय (adverb of time)
चान्द्रायणम्the Cāndrāyaṇa (lunar) penance
चान्द्रायणम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootचान्द्रायण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; name of a penance
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकाराव्यय (adverb: ‘thus/also’)
सांतपनद्वयम्a pair of Sāṃtapana (penances)
सांतपनद्वयम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootसांतपन + द्वय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (सांतपनस्य द्वयम्: two Sāṃtapana penances)
चand
च:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय (conjunction)
एवindeed
एव:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण (emphatic particle)
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
पूर्वकालक्रिया (Prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘having done’
कर्मthe rite/duty
कर्म:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन
समाचरेत्should duly perform
समाचरेत्:
क्रिया (Verb/Action)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + आ + चर् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada on Dharma and Prāyaścitta)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Cāndrāyaṇa; Kṛcchra; Sāntapana (two times)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

FAQs

It frames missed saṃskāras as a dharmic lapse that can be purified through disciplined prāyaścitta, restoring ritual eligibility and inner purity before completing the initiation.

While primarily ritual-legal, it supports bhakti indirectly: purification and right conduct (śuddhi and niyama) are presented as foundations that stabilize a devotee’s life so worship and mantra practice can proceed without impediment.

Kalpa (ritual procedure) and its prāyaścitta framework are central, with time-keeping and observance patterns linked to lunar discipline in the Cāndrāyaṇa vow.

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