Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 48

Nirukta, Phonetic Variants, and Vedic Dhātu–Svara Taxonomy

Devanagari script

द्वाविँशतिरिहोद्दिष्टा धातवो ह्वादिके गणे । परस्मैपदिनः प्रोक्ता दिवाद्याः पंचविंशतिः ॥ ४८ ॥

Transliteration

dvāviṃśatirihoddiṣṭā dhātavo hvādike gaṇe | parasmaipadinaḥ proktā divādyāḥ paṃcaviṃśatiḥ || 48 ||

Translation

Aquí se enumeran veintidós raíces verbales (dhātu) en el grupo Hvādika; y veinticinco, comenzando por Divādi, se declaran parasmaipada, es decir, con desinencias activas.

Word by Word

• द्वाविंशतिः: twenty-two
• द्वाविंशतिः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वाविंशति (संख्याशब्द/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (संख्यावाचक: 22)

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative sense)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: ‘here/in this context’)

• उद्दिष्टाः: are indicated
• उद्दिष्टाः: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-दिश् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त—क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘enumerated/indicated’

• धातवः: verbal roots
• धातवः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धातु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• ह्वादिके: in the hvādi (class)
• ह्वादिके: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ह्वादिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; ‘hvādi’ class-related

• गणे: in the group/class
• गणे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• परस्मैपदिनः: parasmaipada (verbs)
• परस्मैपदिनः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परस्मैपदिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• प्रोक्ताः: are declared
• प्रोक्ताः: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-उच् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त—क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘said/declared’

• दिव-आद्याः: those beginning with ‘div’
• दिव-आद्याः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव (धातु/प्रातिपदिक-नाम) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; आदि-तत्पुरुष (‘beginning with div’)

• पञ्चविंशतिः: twenty-five
• पञ्चविंशतिः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्चविंशति (संख्याशब्द/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (25)

Speaker

Narada

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It highlights Vyākaraṇa (grammar) as a Vedaṅga: precise knowledge of language supports correct understanding and transmission of Dharma-oriented teachings.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: by emphasizing disciplined Vedic study (like dhātu-classes and usage), it supports accurate recitation and comprehension of sacred texts that nourish Viṣṇu-bhakti and right practice.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa: classification of verbal roots (dhātus) into gaṇas and their pada-usage (Parasmaipada), a practical framework for correct Sanskrit forms in study and ritual recitation.