Shloka 40

स्वाध्याय-योगोपदेशः तथा केशिध्वज-खाण्डिक्य-उपाख्यानम्

Yoga through Study and Restraint; The Keśidhvaja–Khāṇḍikya Narrative Frame

Devanagari script

खाण्डिक्यो ऽपि पुनर् दृष्ट्वा तम् आयान्तं धृतायुधः तस्थौ हन्तुं कृतमतिस् तम् आह स पुनर् नृपः

Transliteration

khāṇḍikyo 'pi punar dṛṣṭvā tam āyāntaṃ dhṛtāyudhaḥ tasthau hantuṃ kṛtamatis tam āha sa punar nṛpaḥ

Translation

Khāṇḍikya too, seeing him approach again, stood with weapon in hand, his resolve set on killing him; yet the king addressed him once more.

Word by Word

• खाण्डिक्यः: Khāṇḍikya
• खाण्डिक्यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खाण्डिक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle: also/even)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Purvakala-kriya (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive)

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• आयान्तम्: coming; approaching
• आयान्तम्: Karma (Object qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-या (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तम् इति विशेषण

• धृतायुधः: weapon-bearing
• धृतायुधः: Karta (Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धृत + आयुध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (one who has held weapons)

• तस्थौ: stood; remained
• तस्थौ: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• हन्तुम्: to kill
• हन्तुम्: Prayojana (Purpose)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (Infinitive), प्रयोजन (purpose)

• कृतमतिः: resolved; determined
• कृतमतिः: Karta (Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत + मति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (one whose resolve is made/firm)

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• आह: said
• आह: Kriya (Speech act)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्/ब्रू (धातु; आह इति लिट्-रूपम्)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• नृपः: the king
• नृपः: Karta (Subject apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सः इति समानाधिकरण

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (narrating to Maitreya, within the dynastic account)

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Teaching: Historical

Quality: authoritative

Characters & Entities

• Khāṇḍikya
• King (nṛpa)

FAQs

What is the significance of royal conflict narratives in the Vishnu Purana?

They function as dharma-illustrations within the dynastic histories, showing how kingship, duty, and consequence unfold in human affairs.

How does Sage Parāśara explain the unfolding of events in dynastic sections?

He narrates them as sequential moral-historical episodes—actions, intentions, and speech—so the listener grasps both lineage continuity and ethical causality.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu in this context?

Even when Vishnu is not named in a given verse, the Vishnu Purana frames royal history as operating under a cosmic moral order ultimately grounded in Vishnu’s sovereignty.