Shloka 41

यादवक्षयः, बलराम-निर्याणम्, कृष्णस्य उपसंहारः (प्रभासे विनाशः)

Devanagari script

प्रद्युम्नसाम्बप्रमुखाः कृतवर्माथ सात्यकिः अनिरुद्धादयश् चान्ये पृथुर् विपृथुर् एव च

Transliteration

pradyumnasāmbapramukhāḥ kṛtavarmātha sātyakiḥ aniruddhādayaś cānye pṛthur vipṛthur eva ca

Translation

Foremost among them were Pradyumna and Sāmba; and also Kṛtavarmā and Sātyaki; with Aniruddha and others besides—Pṛthu and Vipṛthu as well—heroes of the Yādava line.

Word by Word

• प्रद्युम्नसाम्बप्रमुखाः: those headed by Pradyumna and Sāmba
• प्रद्युम्नसाम्बप्रमुखाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रद्युम्न (प्रातिपदिक) + साम्ब (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रमुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (प्रद्युम्न-साम्ब-प्रमुखाः = प्रद्युम्नः साम्बश्च प्रमुखाः येषाम्/ये); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• कृतवर्मा: Kṛtavarmā
• कृतवर्मा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृतवर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अथ: then, and
• अथ: Sambandha/Discourse marker (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनुक्रम/आरम्भ-वाचक (then/now)

• सात्यकिः: Sātyaki
• सात्यकिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सात्यकि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अनिरुद्धादयः: Aniruddha and others
• अनिरुद्धादयः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनिरुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (अनिरुद्ध-आदयः = अनिरुद्धः आदिः येषाम्/ये); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• पृथुः: Pṛthu
• पृथुः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• विपृथुः: Vipṛthu
• विपृथुः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विपृथु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• एव: indeed, also
• एव: Avadharana (Emphasis/अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphatic particle)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (narrating) to Maitreya

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Topic: The circumstances and principal actors in the Yādava destruction

Teaching: Historical

Quality: revealing

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Even the mightiest lineages, though sustained by Bhagavān’s will, fall when pride and fate converge, showing the transience of worldly power.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma

Application: Treat status and strength as impermanent; cultivate humility and restraint before conflict escalates.

Vishishtadvaita: Bhagavān’s sovereign will operates within history while beings retain agency, illustrating divine immanence without negating moral accountability.

Dynasty & Genealogy

Vamsha: Chandra

Key Kings: Pradyumna, Sāmba, Kṛtavarmā, Sātyaki, Aniruddha, Pṛthu, Vipṛthu

Vaishnava Theology

Vishnu Form: Krishna

Vyuha Form: Aniruddha

Characters & Entities

• Pradyumna
• Sāmba
• Kṛtavarmā
• Sātyaki (Yuyudhāna)
• Aniruddha
• Pṛthu
• Vipṛthu
• Yādavas (implied)

FAQs

What is the significance of listing Yadava heroes in the Vishnu Purana?

This verse functions as a genealogical and narrative anchor, preserving the memory of key Yādava figures around Kṛṣṇa and situating events within a sacred lineage (vaṃśa) guided by divine order.

How does Sage Parāśara explain lineage and history in this section?

Parāśara presents history through structured enumerations of persons and clans, showing how dharma unfolds through families and how major events are connected to identifiable lineages.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu in this context?

Even when the verse names human heroes, the Purāṇic frame treats Kṛṣṇa as Viṣṇu’s manifestation—implying that worldly power and destiny in the Yādava line ultimately operate under the Supreme Reality’s sovereignty.