Shloka 10

साम्ब-हरणम्, बलदेवस्य रोषः, हस्तिनापुर-आकर्षणम्

Devanagari script

गृहीत्वा विधिवत् सर्वं ततस् तान् आह कौरवान् आज्ञापयत्य् उग्रसेनः साम्बम् आशु विमुञ्चत

Transliteration

gṛhītvā vidhivat sarvaṃ tatas tān āha kauravān ājñāpayaty ugrasenaḥ sāmbam āśu vimuñcata

Translation

Having duly received everything in proper form, Ugrasena addressed the Kauravas and commanded: “Release Sāmba at once.”

Word by Word

• gṛhītvā: having accepted
• gṛhītvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: grah (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय-भावकृदन्त (gerund), अर्थः—गृहीत्वा (having accepted/taken)

• vidhivat: duly
• vidhivat: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vidhi (प्रातिपदिक) + vat (वत्)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), अर्थः—विधिवत् (according to rule)

• sarvam: everything
• sarvam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; सर्वनाम/समासार्थे ‘everything’

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (then/thereupon)

• tān: to them
• tān: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• āha: said
• āha: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ah/√brū (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• kauravān: the Kauravas
• kauravān: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaurava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन; (addressed group)

• ājñāpayati: commands
• ājñāpayati: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√jñā (ज्ञा धातु) + ṇic (णिच्)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; causative (he commands)

• ugrasenaḥ: Ugrasena
• ugrasenaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ugrasena (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन

• sāmbam: Sāmba
• sāmbam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sāmba (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; (Sāmba)

• āśu: quickly
• āśu: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: āśu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), शीघ्रार्थक (quickly)

• vimuñcata: release (you all)
• vimuñcata: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√muc (मुच् धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (narrating to Maitreya)

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Teaching: Historical

Quality: authoritative

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Dharma in governance requires clear, lawful speech and immediate rectification of wrongful restraint.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma

Application: When wrong occurs, seek redress through proper channels first—firmly, respectfully, and without delay.

Vishishtadvaita: Social order (dharma) is sustained by rightful authority as a functional expression of the Lord’s immanent rule over the world.

Characters & Entities

• Ugrasena
• Sāmba

FAQs

What is the significance of Ugrasena ordering Sāmba’s release in the Vishnu Purana?

It highlights Ugrasena’s lawful authority and the restoration of order through a king’s dharmic command within the Yādava–Kuru encounter.

How does Sage Parāśara frame political authority and dharma in this episode?

By noting the formal, rule-bound reception (vidhivat) followed by a decisive decree, Parāśara presents ideal kingship as disciplined procedure culminating in just action.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu (Krishna) in this context?

Even when Krishna is not named in the verse, the narrative centers on his lineage and protection of dharma—showing that social and political order ultimately operates under Vishnu’s sustaining sovereignty.