Shloka 29

प्रद्युम्न-अपहरणम्, मत्स्य-उद्धारः, मायावती-शिक्षा, शम्बरवधः, रुक्मिणी-पुत्र-संगमः

Devanagari script

कामो ऽवतीर्णः पुत्रस् ते तस्येयं दयिता रतिः विशङ्का नात्र कर्तव्या स्नुषेयं तव शोभना

Transliteration

kāmo 'vatīrṇaḥ putras te tasyeyaṃ dayitā ratiḥ viśaṅkā nātra kartavyā snuṣeyaṃ tava śobhanā

Translation

This son of yours is Kāma himself, descended upon the earth; and this is his beloved Rati. Have no doubt—this radiant one is your fair daughter-in-law.

Word by Word

• कामः: Kāma (Love-god)
• कामः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अवतीर्णः: has descended
• अवतीर्णः: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव + तॄ (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘descended/incarnated’

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: Samanaadhikarana (Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ते: your
• ते: Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• इयम्: this (woman)
• इयम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• दयिता: beloved
• दयिता: Samanaadhikarana (Predicate nominal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दयित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• रतिः: Rati
• रतिः: Samanaadhikarana (Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; नाम

• विशङ्का: doubt/suspicion
• विशङ्का: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशङ्का (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Nishedha (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• अत्र: here/in this matter
• अत्र: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय

• कर्तव्या: should be made (done)
• कर्तव्या: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Gerundive/obligatory), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘to be done’

• स्नुषा: daughter-in-law
• स्नुषा: Samanaadhikarana (Predicate nominal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्नुषा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• इयम्: this (woman)
• इयम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• तव: your
• तव: Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• शोभना: beautiful/auspicious
• शोभना: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शोभन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण

Speaker

Narrator within the dynasty account (as related by Sage Parāśara to Maitreya)

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Topic: Identification of Pradyumna as Kāma’s descent and Māyāvatī as Rati; removal of doubt

Teaching: Devotional

Quality: compassionate

Avatara Context

Avatara: Krishna

Purpose: In Krishna’s manifestation, his vyūha Pradyumna appears as Kāma to sustain cosmic and devotional order, while Rati accompanies him, reaffirming divine arrangement against asuric disruption.

Leela: Dharma-upadesa

Dharma Restored: Re-establishment of rightful identity, marriage, and divine function (Kāma-tattva) within dharma

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Recognizing divine presence and purpose within historical līlā dispels doubt and establishes faith in Bhagavān’s ordered cosmos.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma

Application: When confused by appearances, return to śāstra-informed understanding and steady devotion; let clarity remove suspicion and fear.

Vishishtadvaita: Divine descents and their associates are real manifestations within the world, showing Bhagavān’s immanence while remaining transcendent—key to qualified non-dualism.

Vaishnava Theology

Vishnu Form: Krishna

Bhakti Type: Shanta

Vyuha Form: Pradyumna

Characters & Entities

• Kāma
• Rati

FAQs

What is the significance of Kāma and Rati being identified in this Vishnu Purana verse?

The verse legitimizes the identities of the couple as divine (Kāma and his consort Rati), removing doubt and establishing the marriage as part of a divinely guided lineage narrative.

How does Sage Parāśara frame lineage and divine descent in the Vishnu Purana?

Parāśara commonly presents dynastic history as dharma-governed and providential, where divine descents and recognitions ensure continuity and meaning within royal genealogies.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu in this context?

Even when Vishnu is not named in the verse, the Purana’s dynastic accounts operate under Vishnu’s sovereignty: cosmic order and lawful succession unfold as expressions of the Supreme Reality sustaining the world.