Shloka 42

Kālayavana’s Rise, Dvārakā’s Founding, and Muchukunda’s Awakening (Śaraṇāgati & Brahman-Stuti)

Devanagari script

त्वाम् अनाराध्य जगतां सर्वेषां प्रभवास्पदम् शाश्वती प्राप्यते केन परमेश्वर निर्वृतिः

Transliteration

tvām anārādhya jagatāṃ sarveṣāṃ prabhavāspadam śāśvatī prāpyate kena parameśvara nirvṛtiḥ

Translation

O Parameśvara—foundation and source from which all worlds arise—without worshipping You, by whom could everlasting peace and final contentment ever be attained?

Word by Word

• त्वाम्: you
• त्वाम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: मध्यमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, द्वितीया (Case 2), एकवचन

• अनाराध्य: without worshipping
• अनाराध्य: Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ-राध् (धातु) → आराध्य (कृदन्त, ल्यप्/तुमुन्-सम्बद्ध) with नञ्-पूर्वक
• Form: क्त्वा-समार्थक अव्ययीभाव-रूप ‘ल्यप्’ (gerund/absolutive), नञ्-पूर्वक: ‘आराध्य’ = having worshipped; ‘अनाराध्य’ = without worshipping

• जगताम्: of the worlds/of beings
• जगताम्: Shashthi-Sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जगत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Case 6), बहुवचन

• सर्वेषाम्: of all
• सर्वेषाम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (Case 6), बहुवचन; ‘जगताम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• प्रभव-आस्पदम्: the source-abode (origin)
• प्रभव-आस्पदम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभव (प्रातिपदिक) + आस्पद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Case 2), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (प्रभवस्य आस्पदम् = source-abode)

• शाश्वती: eternal
• शाश्वती: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शाश्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Case 1), एकवचन; ‘निर्वृतिः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• प्राप्यते: is attained
• प्राप्यते: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive): ‘is attained’

• केन: by whom/how
• केन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (Case 3/करण), एकवचन; प्रश्नार्थक

• परमेश्वर: O supreme lord
• परमेश्वर: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Case 8), एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारयः (परमः ईश्वरः)

• निर्वृतिः: peace/liberation
• निर्वृतिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर्वृति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Case 1), एकवचन

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (within a devotional/theological exposition addressed to the Supreme Lord, narrated to Maitreya)

Cosmological Context

Cosmic Hierarchy: Lokas (worlds)

Avatara Context

Avatara: Krishna

Purpose: Krishna is hailed as Parameśvara, the source of all worlds, teaching that worship of Him alone grants everlasting peace.

Leela: Moksha-dana

Dharma Restored: Bhagavad-ārādhana as the means to śāśvatī nirvṛti (final peace)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Everlasting peace is unattainable without worship of the Supreme Lord who is the source and foundation of all worlds.

Vedantic Theme: Brahman

Application: Establish daily ārādhana (japa, pūjā, kīrtana, seva) and consciously relate every goal to the Lord as the final end.

Vishishtadvaita: Clear jagat-kāraṇatva: the Lord is the ground of all worlds while remaining the personal object of worship—transcendent yet the sustaining support of all.

Vaishnava Theology

Vishnu Form: Para-Brahman

Bhakti Type: Shanta

Vyuha Form: Vasudeva

Lakshmi Presence: Sri

Jagat Karana: Yes

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu

FAQs

What is the significance of eternal peace (śāśvatī nirvṛti) in the Vishnu Purana?

This verse frames liberation as lasting, sorrowless fulfillment that is attainable only through the Supreme Lord who is the source of all worlds.

How does Sage Parāśara explain the means to liberation in this context?

He presents worship/propitiation of the Supreme (ārādhana of Parameśvara) as indispensable—without it, no other agency can grant eternal fulfillment.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu in this verse?

Vishnu is affirmed as the ultimate ground of existence (prabhavāspada) and the exclusive giver of moksha, aligning with Vaishnava readings that emphasize the Supreme Lord as the final refuge.