Shloka 13

इन्द्रक्रोधः, संवर्तक-वर्षणम्, गोवर्धनधारण-लीला

Devanagari script

ततस् तद् गोकुलं सर्वं गोगोपीगोपसंकुलम् अतीवार्तं हरिर् दृष्ट्वा मैत्रेयाचिन्तयत् तदा

Transliteration

tatas tad gokulaṃ sarvaṃ gogopīgopasaṃkulam atīvārtaṃ harir dṛṣṭvā maitreyācintayat tadā

Translation

Then, seeing all of Gokula—thronged with cows, gopīs, and gopas—overwhelmed by grievous distress, Hari reflected at that moment, O Maitreya.

Word by Word

• ततः: then; thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana (Context/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तस्मात्/ततः = तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb) — Indeclinable adverb ‘thereupon/from that’

• तत्: that
• तत्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन — demonstrative pronoun used adjectivally

• गोकुलम्: Gokula (cowherd settlement)
• गोकुलम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोकुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन — Accusative singular

• सर्वम्: entire; all
• सर्वम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन — adjective agreeing with गोकुलम्

• गो-गोपी-गोप-संकुलम्: crowded with cows, gopīs, and cowherds
• गो-गोपी-गोप-संकुलम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक) + गोपी (प्रातिपदिक) + गोप (प्रातिपदिक) + संकुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन — तत्पुरुष-समास; ‘गोभिः गोपीभिः गोपैश्च संकुलम्’ (crowded with cows, cowherd women, and cowherds)

• अतीव: exceedingly; very
• अतीव: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अतीव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अव्यय-विशेषण (intensifier adverb)

• आर्तम्: distressed; afflicted
• आर्तम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन — adjective agreeing with गोकुलम्

• हरिः: Hari (Vishnu/Krishna)
• हरिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — Nominative singular

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial to verb/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive); धातु: दृश् (पश्यति) — ‘having seen’

• मैत्रेय: O Maitreya
• मैत्रेय: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मैत्रेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th), एकवचन — Vocative singular (address)

• अचिन्तयत्: thought; reflected
• अचिन्तयत्: Kriya (Main action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चिन्त् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन — ‘he thought’

• तदा: at that time
• तदा: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (temporal adverb)

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (narrating to Maitreya)

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Teaching: Devotional

Quality: authoritative

Avatara Context

Avatara: Krishna

Purpose: He descends to protect the Vraja-devotees and curb Indra’s pride while re-establishing exclusive refuge in Bhagavān.

Leela: Loka-rakshana

Dharma Restored: Protection of surrendered devotees and right ordering of worship (bhagavad-eka-śaraṇatā) over deva-pride

Vaishnava Theology

Vishnu Form: Hari

Bhakti Type: Vatsalya

Characters & Entities

• Hari
• Maitreya
• Gokula
• Cows

FAQs

What is the significance of Gokula being described as filled with cows, gopīs, and gopas in the Vishnu Purana?

It frames Gokula as a complete pastoral community under Krishna’s care, emphasizing that the Lord’s protection extends to all beings—people and animals—within His domain.

How does Sage Parāśara explain the Lord’s response to suffering here?

By stating that Hari ‘reflected’ upon seeing their intense distress, Parāśara signals a deliberate, purposeful divine intervention—compassion guided by sovereign will rather than helpless reaction.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu (Hari) in this context?

Hari is portrayed as the Supreme guardian who notices collective anguish and prepares to act—supporting Vaishnava doctrine that the Absolute is personal, compassionate, and actively upholds cosmic and social order.