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Shloka 19

Brahmā–Viṣṇu Garva-vādaḥ

The Dispute of Pride Between Brahmā and Viṣṇu

इत्थं बभूव समरो ब्रह्मविष्ण्वोः परस्परम् । ततो देवगणाः सर्वे विषण्णा भृशमाकुलाः । ऊचुः परस्परं तात राजक्षोभे यथा द्विजाः

itthaṃ babhūva samaro brahmaviṣṇvoḥ parasparam | tato devagaṇāḥ sarve viṣaṇṇā bhṛśamākulāḥ | ūcuḥ parasparaṃ tāta rājakṣobhe yathā dvijāḥ

Thus the battle between Brahmā and Viṣṇu raged against each other. Then all the hosts of gods, deeply despondent and greatly agitated, spoke among themselves—like learned brāhmaṇas conferring when a kingdom is thrown into turmoil.

itthamthus/in this manner
ittham:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootittham (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (रीत्यर्थक अव्यय)
babhūvabecame/occurred
babhūva:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada
samaraḥbattle
samaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsamara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
brahma-viṣṇvoḥof Brahmā and Viṣṇu
brahma-viṣṇvoḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahman (प्रातिपदिक) + viṣṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Dual (द्विवचन); द्वन्द्व: brahmā ca viṣṇuś ca
parasparammutually/against each other
parasparam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootparaspara (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययीभाव-प्रयोग)
FormReciprocal adverb (परस्परम् अव्ययवत्)
tataḥthen/thereupon
tataḥ:
Kāla/Anantara (काल/अनन्तर)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (ततः—अनन्तरार्थक)
deva-gaṇāḥgroups of gods
deva-gaṇāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक) + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुष: devānāṃ gaṇāḥ
sarveall
sarve:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); adjective qualifying deva-gaṇāḥ
viṣaṇṇāḥdejected
viṣaṇṇāḥ:
Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृ-समानााधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootviṣaṇṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); predicate adjective
bhṛśamgreatly
bhṛśam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbhṛśam (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (तीव्रतार्थक)
ākulāḥagitated/confused
ākulāḥ:
Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृ-समानााधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootākula (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); predicate adjective
ūcuḥsaid
ūcuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन); parasmaipada
parasparamto each other
parasparam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootparaspara (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययीभाव-प्रयोग)
FormReciprocal adverb (परस्परम् अव्ययवत्)
tātadear one!/sir!
tāta:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Roottāta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8), Singular (एकवचन)
rāja-kṣobhein the turmoil of kings/royal upheaval
rāja-kṣobhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक) + kṣobha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: rājñaḥ kṣobhaḥ; locative of circumstance (अधिकरण-सप्तमी)
yathāas/like
yathā:
Upamā-dyotaka (उपमा-द्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormComparative particle (उपमानार्थक अव्यय)
dvijāḥBrahmins (twice-born)
dvijāḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pashu

B
Brahma
V
Vishnu
D
Devas

FAQs

It shows that even exalted deities can become entangled in conflict when the supreme principle (Pati—Lord Shiva) is not recognized; the devas’ anxiety points toward the need for Shiva’s higher guidance to restore dharma and inner order.

This turmoil is the narrative ground from which Shiva’s Saguna revelation—often through the Linga as the sign of the limitless—becomes necessary, redirecting attention from rivalry to the supreme Lord who transcends and governs all powers.

A practical takeaway is to pacify agitation through Shiva-smaraṇa and japa of the Panchakshara ("Om Namaḥ Śivāya"), cultivating surrender so that conflict resolves into clarity and devotion.