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Shloka 10

नरकलोकवर्णनम् (Narakaloka-varṇanam) — Description of the Hell-Realms

सनत्कुमार उवाच । एवं बहुविधैर्वाक्यैरुपलब्धा यमेन ते । स्वानि कर्माणि शोचंति तूष्णीं तिष्ठंति पार्थिवाः

sanatkumāra uvāca | evaṃ bahuvidhairvākyairupalabdhā yamena te | svāni karmāṇi śocaṃti tūṣṇīṃ tiṣṭhaṃti pārthivāḥ

Sanatkumāra said: Thus, reproved by Yama with many kinds of words, those earthly beings lament their own deeds and stand in silence.

सनत्कुमारःSanatkumāra
सनत्कुमारः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसनत्कुमार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय (सनत् ‘सदा’ + कुमार), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद
एवम्thus/in this way
एवम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (manner adverb)
बहुविधैःby many kinds of
बहुविधैः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुविध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय (बहु + विध), पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचन; वाक्यैः इति विशेषण
वाक्यैःwith words/speeches
वाक्यैः:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचन
उपलब्धाःrebuked/admonished
उपलब्धाः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootउप + लभ् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; पार्थिवाः इति विशेषण
यमेनby Yama
यमेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन
तेthey
ते:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative/कर्ता), बहुवचन
स्वानिtheir own
स्वानि:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Acc), बहुवचन; कर्माणि इति विशेषण
कर्माणिdeeds/actions
कर्माणि:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/कर्म), बहुवचन
शोचन्तिlament
शोचन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootशुच् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन, परस्मैपद
तूष्णीम्silently
तूष्णीम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूष्णीम् (अव्यय)
Formभाववाचक-अव्यय (adverb: silently)
तिष्ठन्तिstand/remain
तिष्ठन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन, परस्मैपद
पार्थिवाःkings/earthly rulers
पार्थिवाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative/कर्ता), बहुवचन

Sanatkumara

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Īśāna

Role: teaching

Y
Yama

FAQs

It highlights the inevitability of karmic accountability: when Dharma (through Yama) exposes one’s deeds, the soul is forced into honest remorse. In Shaiva thought, such recognition is the first step toward turning from pāśa (bondage) toward Pati (Shiva) through purification and right conduct.

The verse shows the fruit of actions when one lives without refuge in Shiva. Linga-worship and devotion to Saguna Shiva are presented in the Purana as purifying disciplines that transform karma and cultivate humility, so that one need not face Yama’s rebuke with helpless silence but with inner reform and surrender.

A practical takeaway is daily self-review of actions (karmānusandhāna) followed by Shiva-remembrance—japa of the Pañcākṣarī “Om Namaḥ Śivāya”—as a corrective discipline that reduces sinful tendencies and strengthens dharmic living.