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Shloka 19

Śumbha–Niśumbha’s Mobilization After Devī’s Victories

Battle Muster and Omens

विवभ्रमुस्तत्समरे महागजा विभिन्नकुंभाअसिताद्रिसन्निभाः । चलद्बलाकाधवला विकेतवो विसेतवः शुंभनिशुंभकेतवः

vivabhramustatsamare mahāgajā vibhinnakuṃbhāasitādrisannibhāḥ | caladbalākādhavalā viketavo visetavaḥ śuṃbhaniśuṃbhaketavaḥ

In that battle, mighty elephants reeled and staggered, their temples split open, looking like dark mountains. The standards, white as moving flocks of cranes, swayed and scattered—bearing the emblems of Śumbha and Niśumbha.

vivabhramuḥwhirled about; reeled
vivabhramuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√bhram (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
tatin that
tat:
Deśa-kāla-adhikaraṇa (देशकालाधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); used deictically with samare
samarebattle
samare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsamara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)
mahāgajāḥgreat elephants
mahāgajāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā + gaja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); compound: mahā + gaja (कर्मधारय)
vibhinna-kumbhāḥwith split temples (foreheads)
vibhinna-kumbhāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-bhinna (√bhid-क्त) + kumbha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); bahuvrīhi: ‘whose temples are split’
asita-adri-sannibhāḥresembling black mountains
asita-adri-sannibhāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootasita + adri + sannibha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); compound (तत्पुरुष): asita-adri ‘black mountain’ + sannibha ‘resembling’
calatmoving; fluttering
calat:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcalat (√cal-शतृ)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), used as first member in compound; ‘moving’
balākā-dhavalāḥwhite like cranes
balākā-dhavalāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbalākā + dhavala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); compound: balākā ‘crane/heron’ + dhavala ‘white’ (तत्पुरुष: ‘white like cranes’)
viketavaḥwith banners/standards
viketavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvi-ketu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)
visetavaḥwith (varied) bridges/embankments; (unclear epithet)
visetavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvi-setu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)
śuṃbha-niśuṃbha-ketavaḥbearing the banners of Śuṃbha and Niśuṃbha
śuṃbha-niśuṃbha-ketavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśuṃbha + niśuṃbha + ketu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); compound: śuṃbha-niśuṃbha (dvandva as internal name-pair) + ketu (तत्पुरुष: ‘banners of Śuṃbha and Niśuṃbha’)

Suta Goswami (narrating the battle account to the sages, as typical Shiva Purana frame narration)

Tattva Level: pasha

S
Shumbha
N
Nishumbha

FAQs

It depicts the collapse of asuric power and pride (symbolized by war-elephants and banners) when dharma is defended; in Shaiva terms, it hints that pasha-like forces (bondages of arrogance and violence) inevitably crumble before divine order upheld under Shiva’s sovereignty.

Though the verse is descriptive of battle, it supports Saguna devotion by portraying divine governance in history: devotees remember that the Lord (and His Śakti) protects dharma, and such remembrance matures into steadiness in Linga-worship and surrender to Pati (Shiva).

A practical takeaway is to convert outer turmoil into inner japa: repeat the Panchākṣarī (“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) with steadiness, using it as a shield against agitation, pride, and fear—qualities mirrored by the chaotic battlefield imagery.