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Shloka 24

Saṃjñā–Chāyā Upākhyāna: Sūrya-tejas, Substitution, and the Birth of Manu, Yama, and Yamunā

सूत उवाच । इत्युक्त्वा तनयं सूर्यो यमसंज्ञं मुनीश्वर । आदित्यश्चाब्रवीत्तान्त्तु छायां क्रोधसमन्वितः

sūta uvāca | ityuktvā tanayaṃ sūryo yamasaṃjñaṃ munīśvara | ādityaścābravīttānttu chāyāṃ krodhasamanvitaḥ

Sūta said: Having thus addressed his son—named Yama—O best of sages, the Sun-god (Āditya) then spoke to Chāyā, filled with anger.

sūtaḥSūta
sūtaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsūta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/इति-निपात (quotative particle)
uktvāhaving said
uktvā:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु) + tvā (क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त (absolutive/gerund), पूर्वकाल (prior action)
tanayamson
tanayam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottanaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
sūryaḥthe Sun (Sūrya)
sūryaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsūrya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
yama-saṃjñamnamed Yama
yama-saṃjñam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootyama (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃjñā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—यम इति संज्ञा यस्य (tatpuruṣa)
munīśvaraO lord of sages
munīśvara:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootmunīśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—मुनीनां ईश्वरः
ādityaḥĀditya (the Sun)
ādityaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootāditya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय (conjunction)
abravītsaid
abravīt:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbrū (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)
tānthem
tān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन (Plural), सर्वनाम (pronoun)
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (contrastive particle)
chāyāmChāyā (Shadow, his wife)
chāyām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootchāyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
krodha-samanvitaḥendowed with anger
krodha-samanvitaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkrodha (प्रातिपदिक) + samanvita (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—क्रोधेन समन्वितः (instrumental-tatpuruṣa)

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pashu

S
Surya (Aditya)
Y
Yama
C
Chaya

FAQs

It introduces Yama—associated with the moral order of karma and dharma—showing how cosmic governance operates within the Lord’s creation; in Shaiva understanding, such order ultimately functions under Pati (Śiva), who alone grants liberation beyond karma.

Though the verse is narrative, it frames worldly law (Yama’s domain) as part of the manifest (saguṇa) order; Linga-worship turns the devotee from fear-bound karma toward Śiva’s grace, which transcends the cycle regulated by Yama.

No direct rite is stated, but the takeaway aligns with Shaiva practice: steady japa of the Pañcākṣarī ("Om Namaḥ Śivāya") and devotion to the Linga as the refuge that purifies karma.