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Shloka 50

Kālajñāna (Knowledge of Time) and Mṛtyu-cihna (Signs of Death): Śiva’s Instruction to Umā

चतुस्स्थाने स्थिता देवि षोडशैताः प्रकीर्तिताः । तेषां प्रमाणं वक्ष्यामि साम्प्रतं हि यथार्थतः

catussthāne sthitā devi ṣoḍaśaitāḥ prakīrtitāḥ | teṣāṃ pramāṇaṃ vakṣyāmi sāmprataṃ hi yathārthataḥ

O Goddess, these sixteen—said to be established in the four abodes—have been proclaimed. Now I shall declare their true measure and proper standard, exactly as it is in reality.

चतुः-स्थानेin the four places
चतुः-स्थाने:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootचतुः (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (संख्यापूर्वक-निर्देश)
स्थिताःsituated/placed
स्थिताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु) → स्थित (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), स्त्रीलिङ्ग? (contextually with एताः), प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; predicate participle
देविO Goddess
देवि:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootदेवी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन
षोडशsixteen
षोडश:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootषोडश (संख्यावाचक प्रातिपदिक)
Formसंख्यावाचक, अव्ययवत्/अविकारी; एताः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
एताःthese (f.)
एताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन
प्रकीर्तिताःhave been declared
प्रकीर्तिताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + कीर्त् (धातु) → प्रकीर्तित (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense)
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन
प्रमाणम्measure/extent
प्रमाणम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन
वक्ष्यामिI shall tell
वक्ष्यामि:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future/लृट्), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person/उत्तम), एकवचन, परस्मैपद
साम्प्रतम्now/at present
साम्प्रतम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाम्प्रत (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययीभावार्थ)
Formअव्यय (adverb/क्रियाविशेषण)
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha/Emphasis (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle/emphasis)
यथार्थतःtruthfully/accurately
यथार्थतः:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथार्थ (प्रातिपदिक) + तस् (तद्धित)
Formअव्यय (adverb), तसिल्-प्रत्ययार्थ (in the manner of)

Lord Shiva

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

P
Parvati

FAQs

It signals that Shaiva practice is not random: Shiva teaches that sacred principles (here, a set of sixteen arranged in four loci) have an inner order, and that correct “pramāṇa” aligns the aspirant (paśu) with the liberating grace of Pati (Shiva) according to Shaiva Siddhanta.

By promising the correct standard and measure, Shiva frames Saguna worship—such as Linga-upāsanā—as a disciplined, scripturally measured path where form-based devotion is performed with right proportion and understanding, leading the mind toward Shiva’s higher reality.

The verse suggests adherence to precise, tradition-based “pramāṇa” in worship—maintaining correct observance in mantra-japa (e.g., Panchakshara), and measured ritual discipline (such as regulated offerings and purity), rather than improvisation.