Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 21

यममार्गे सुखदायकधर्माः

Dharmas that Grant Ease on the Path to Yama

गर्भस्था जायमानाश्च बालवृद्धाश्च मध्यमाः । आहारमभिकांक्षंति देवदानवराक्षसाः

garbhasthā jāyamānāśca bālavṛddhāśca madhyamāḥ | āhāramabhikāṃkṣaṃti devadānavarākṣasāḥ

Whether abiding in the womb, newly born, young, aged, or in their prime—gods, dānavas, and rākṣasas alike all long for nourishment, for food.

गर्भ-स्थाःbeing in the womb
गर्भ-स्थाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootगर्भ (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थ (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (गर्भे स्थाः ‘in the womb’); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
जायमानाःbeing born
जायमानाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootजायमान (कृदन्त; √जन् धातु)
Formवर्तमानकाले शानच्-प्रत्यय (present participle, middle); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
बाल-वृद्धाःchildren and the aged
बाल-वृद्धाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootबाल (प्रातिपदिक) + वृद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वन्द्व-समास (बालाश्च वृद्धाश्च); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय
मध्यमाःthe middle-aged
मध्यमाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमध्यम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
आहारम्food
आहारम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootआहार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
अभि-काङ्क्षन्तिdesire/long for
अभि-काङ्क्षन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + √काङ्क्ष् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; उपसर्ग: अभि
देव-दानव-राक्षसाःgods, demons, and rākṣasas
देव-दानव-राक्षसाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक) + दानव (प्रातिपदिक) + राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formत्रिपद-द्वन्द्व-समास (देवाश्च दानवाश्च राक्षसाश्च); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Paśupatinātha

Sthala Purana: Not a Jyotirliṅga passage; the verse frames a universal embodied condition (all classes of beings, all life-stages) dependent on āhāra, preparing the ground for annadāna as dharma.

Significance: General dharma-teaching: recognizing shared dependence softens enmity and supports compassionate giving, which becomes a preparatory virtue for Śiva-bhakti.

Shakti Form: Annapūrṇā

Role: nurturing

D
Devas
D
Danavas
R
Rakshasas

FAQs

It highlights a universal mark of bound existence (pāśa): even exalted beings, from devas to rākṣasas, share dependence on nourishment—showing that embodied life is conditioned by need, and liberation is found only in Pati (Śiva), who alone is truly independent.

By emphasizing shared dependence and limitation, the verse indirectly points seekers toward Saguna Śiva worship (Liṅga-upāsanā) as a practical refuge: devotion and discipline purify craving and gradually orient the soul from bodily dependence toward Śiva-consciousness.

Practice moderation and offering: take food as prasad after dedicating it to Śiva, and support japa of the Pañcākṣarī (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) to transform basic hunger into disciplined sādhana.