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Shloka 43

Dāruvana-parīkṣā: Śaṅkara’s Test and the Linga’s Ritual-Theological Grounding

Devanagari script

सूत उवाच । इत्युक्तास्ते द्विजा देवाः प्रणिपत्य पितामहम् । शिवं तं शरणं प्राप्तस्सर्वलोकसुखेप्सया

Transliteration

sūta uvāca | ityuktāste dvijā devāḥ praṇipatya pitāmaham | śivaṃ taṃ śaraṇaṃ prāptassarvalokasukhepsayā

Translation

Sūta said: Thus instructed, those divine brāhmaṇas bowed down to Pitāmaha (Brahmā) and then took refuge in that Lord Śiva, desiring the welfare and happiness of all the worlds.

Word by Word
सूतःSūta
सूतः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsūta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
Formलिट् लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
इतिthus
इति:
Vākyopasaṃhāra (वाक्योपसंहार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formउक्त्यर्थक अव्यय (quotative particle)
उक्ताःhaving been addressed/told
उक्ताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु) → ukta (कृदन्त)
Formक्त (kta) कृदन्त, भूतकर्मणि (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा बहुवचन (Nominative plural)
तेthey
ते:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (Pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन (Nominative plural)
द्विजाःtwice-born (brahmins)
द्विजाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन (Nominative plural)
देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन (Nominative plural)
प्रणिपत्यhaving prostrated
प्रणिपत्य:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-ni-pat (प्र + नि + पत् धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (Gerund/Absolutive), ‘having bowed down’
पितामहम्the Grandfather (Brahmā)
पितामहम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpitāmaha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
शिवम्Śiva
शिवम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśiva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
तम्him
तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
शरणम्refuge
शरणम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśaraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; ‘शरणं प्राप्’ इति प्रयोगे गत्यर्थक-क्रियायाः कर्म
प्राप्ताःhaving attained/reached
प्राप्ताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-āp (प्र + आप् धातु) → prāpta (कृदन्त)
Formक्त (kta) कृदन्त, भूतकर्मणि; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन (Nominative plural)
सर्वलोकसुखेप्सयाwith the desire for the happiness of all worlds
सर्वलोकसुखेप्सया:
Hetu/Kāraṇa (हेतु/कारण)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva-loka-sukha-ipsā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (determinative): सर्व + लोक + सुख + इप्सा; स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)
Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Paśupatinātha

Jyotirlinga Context

Significance: Models śaraṇāgati (taking refuge) as the decisive devotional act: even exalted beings (divine dvijas) seek Śiva for sarva-loka-sukha, highlighting Śiva as universal refuge beyond sectarian hierarchy.

Characters & Entities
S
Shiva
B
Brahma

FAQs

The verse highlights śaraṇāgati—taking refuge in Śiva—as the highest spiritual response after receiving right instruction. From a Śaiva Siddhānta lens, turning to Pati (Śiva) is the sure means for grace and the uplift of all beings, not merely personal gain.

Approaching Śiva as “refuge” naturally expresses itself in Saguna worship—especially Liṅga-upāsanā—where the devotee seeks the Lord’s protection and anugraha (grace). In Kotirudra context, such refuge is often connected to pilgrimage and worship associated with Jyotirliṅgas.

The implied practice is humble prostration (praṇāma) followed by Śiva-śaraṇāgati: mentally surrendering to Śiva, and supporting it with japa of the Pañcākṣarī mantra “Om Namaḥ Śivāya” as a refuge-prayer for universal well-being.

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