Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 16

Dāruvana-parīkṣā: Śaṅkara’s Test and the Linga’s Ritual-Theological Grounding

यदा च नोक्तवान्किंचित्सोवधूतो दिगम्बरः । ऊचुस्तं पुरुषं भीमं तदा ते परमर्षयः

yadā ca noktavānkiṃcitsovadhūto digambaraḥ | ūcustaṃ puruṣaṃ bhīmaṃ tadā te paramarṣayaḥ

When that sky-clad avadhūta spoke nothing at all, then those supreme sages addressed that formidable man.

यदाwhen
यदा:
Kala-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक (relative adverb: when)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय/अन्वय (conjunction)
not
:
Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)
उक्तवान्(he) had said/spoken
उक्तवान्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formक्तवतु-प्रत्ययान्त (past active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोग; अर्थः—‘having spoken/said’
किंचित्anything
किंचित्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; अनिश्चितार्थ (indefinite: something/anything)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
अवधूतःan ascetic (avadhūta)
अवधूतः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअवधूत (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-भाव)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) from √धू (धुनोति) with अव-; संज्ञावाचक—वैराग्ययुक्तः
दिगम्बरःsky-clad (naked)
दिगम्बरः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदिगम्बर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—(दिशः अम्बरं यस्य = whose garment is the quarters)
ऊचुःthey said
ऊचुः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
तम्to him / him
तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
पुरुषम्man, person
पुरुषम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन
भीमम्terrible, formidable
भीमम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootभीम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; विशेषण (पुरुषम्)
तदाthen
तदा:
Kala-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक (adverb of time)
तेthey
ते:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
परम-ऋषयःthe supreme sages
परम-ऋषयः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपरम (प्रातिपदिक) + ऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), बहुवचन; समासः—(परमाः ऋषयः)

Suta Goswami (narrator describing the sages’ action)

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Bhairava

Sthala Purana: The ‘digambara avadhūta’ motif is a common Purāṇic marker of Śiva’s incognito descent; it often precedes a liṅga manifestation, but this verse itself does not anchor to a named jyotirliṅga.

FAQs

The verse highlights mauna (silence) and avadhūta-bhāva as signs of inner freedom—detachment from worldly identity—pointing toward Shiva as Pati, the liberator who dissolves bonds (pāśa) when the mind rests in renunciation.

In Jyotirlinga contexts, the devotee approaches Saguna Shiva with reverence, yet the ideal maturity of worship culminates in inner stillness; the avadhūta’s silence mirrors the contemplative absorption that Linga-upāsanā is meant to awaken.

A practical takeaway is mauna with japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) and steady dhyāna on Shiva—optionally supported by vibhūti (Tripuṇḍra) and rudrākṣa as aids to purity and recollection.