Rig Veda 9.97.40: Mandala 9, Sukta 97, Mantra 40

Sukta 9.97

Devata: Soma Pavamāna (cosmic aspect)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अक्रान्त्समुद्रः प्रथमे विधर्मञ्जनयन्प्रजा भुवनस्य राजा । वृषा पवित्रे अधि सानो अव्ये बृहत्सोमो वावृधे सुवान इन्दुः ॥

Transliteration

ákrānt samudráḥ prathamé vidhárman janáyan prajā́ bhuvánasya rā́jā | vṛ́ṣā pavítre ádhi sā́nó avyé bṛhát sómo vāvṛdhe suvā́na índuḥ ||

Translation

The ocean has advanced in the first establishing of the law, bringing forth the creatures, king of becoming. As a bull upon the filter, on the woollen ridge, the vast Soma has grown—Indu, being pressed into birth.

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Word by Word

• अक्रान्त्: (he) strode/stepped forth
• अक्रान्त्: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्रम् (क्रमुँ) / प्र-क्रम्

• समुद्रः: the ocean
• समुद्रः: Kartā (apposition to the subject, i.e., Soma as ‘ocean’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्र (प्रातिपदिक) < सम्-उद्-दृ (etym.)

• प्रथमे: in the first (place/occasion)
• प्रथमे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)

• विधर्मन्: in the ordinance/established order
• विधर्मन्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) < वि-धृ (धारण/विधान)

• जनयन्: generating, begetting
• जनयन्: Kartā (agreeing with the main subject) / also indicates action toward object
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: जन् (जनँ) / जनयति (caus.)

• प्रजाः: creatures, offspring
• प्रजाः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा (प्रातिपदिक)

• भुवनस्य: of the world/existence
• भुवनस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुवन (प्रातिपदिक) < भू

• राजा: king
• राजा: Kartā (apposition/title of the subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृषा: the bull (the vigorous one)
• वृषा: Kartā (apposition/epithet of Soma)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• पवित्रे: in/on the filter (sieve)
• पवित्रे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पवित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अधि: upon, over
• अधि: Adhikaraṇa (marks ‘upon/over’ with locative)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/preposition)
• Root: अधि

• सानो: on the ridge/summit (surface)
• सानो: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सानु (प्रातिपदिक)

• अव्ये: on the woollen (filter)
• अव्ये: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अवि (प्रातिपदिक) → अव्य (adj. ‘of sheep/woollen’)

• बृहत्: great
• बृहत्: Kartā (qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहन्त् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सोमः: Soma
• सोमः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (प्रातिपदिक)

• वावृधे: has grown, has increased
• वावृधे: Kriyā (main predicate of the clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृध् (वृधँ) → ववृध् (reduplicated perfect)

• सुवानः: being pressed, being expressed
• सुवानः: Kartā (descriptive of Soma as being pressed/flowing)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: सु (सुनोति) / सुवा (PPP/part.)

• इन्दुः: the bright drop (Soma)
• इन्दुः: Kartā (apposition to सोमः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्दु (प्रातिपदिक)