Rig Veda 8.51.2: Mandala 8, Sukta 51, Mantra 2

Sukta 8.51

Rishi: Kanva tradition (Kāṇva); narrative recalls seer figures (Praskaṇva etc.)

Devata: Indra (implied by tvāūtaḥ and Dasyu-conquest frame)

Chandas: Tr̥ṣṭubh probable; requires scan

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

पार्षद्वाणः प्रस्कण्वं समसादयच्छयानं जिव्रिमुद्धितम् । सहस्राण्यसिषासद्गवामृषिस्त्वोतो दस्यवे वृकः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 8.51.2

Transliteration

pārṣadvā́ṇaḥ práskaṇvaṃ sám asādayac cháyānaṃ jívrim úd-dhitam | sahásrāṇy asiṣāsad gávām ṛ́ṣis tvā́ūto dásyave vṛ́kaḥ ||

Translation

Pārṣadvāṇa brought Praskaṇva fully to the goal, raising up Jivri who lay cast down. He won thousands of rays (cows); the seer, helped by you, became a wolf to the Dasyu—devouring the hostile darkness.

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Word by Word

• पार्षत्: he carried across; he saved
• पार्षत्: (क्रिया) मुख्य क्रियापद
• Type: Verb
• Root: पॄ (पारयति) / √पॄ

• वाणः: Vāṇa (a person/epithet; the agent)
• वाणः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (proper/epithet)
• Root: वाण (प्रातिपदिक) / वान

• प्रस्कण्वम्: Praskaṇva (the seer)
• प्रस्कण्वम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: प्र-स्कण्व (प्रातिपदिक; ऋषिनाम)

• सम्: together; completely
• सम्: (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: सम्

• असादयत्: he caused to sit/lie down; he brought (to a state)
• असादयत्: (क्रिया) सहायक क्रियापद
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सद् (सीदति) with causative √सादय

• शयानम्: lying (down)
• शयानम्: कर्म (विशेष्य-प्रस्कण्वम्)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √शी (शेते) → शयान (present participle)

• जिव्रिम्: Jivri (a foe/being, name)
• जिव्रिम्: कर्म (द्वितीय कर्म/उपपद-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: जिव्रि (प्रातिपदिक; दैत्य/नाम)

• उद्धितम्: raised up; lifted
• उद्धितम्: कर्म (विशेष्य-जिव्रिम्)
• Type: Past participle
• Root: उद्-√धा (उद्धित) / √धा

• सहस्राणि: thousands
• सहस्राणि: कर्म
• Type: Noun/Adjective (numeral)
• Root: सहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• असिषासत्: he wished to win/obtain; he sought
• असिषासत्: (क्रिया) मुख्य क्रियापद
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सस्/शास् (शासति) with desiderative सिषास

• गवाम्: of cows
• गवाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋषिः: the seer
• ऋषिः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)

• त्वोतः: helped by you; aided by thee
• त्वोतः: कर्तृ (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective (possessive/ablatival compound)
• Root: त्वत् (युष्मद्) + ऊत (√अव्/√ऊ) ‘help’

• दस्यवे: to/for the Dasyu (enemy)
• दस्यवे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: दस्यु (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृकः: a wolf (as an epithet/figure)
• वृकः: कर्तृ (उपमेय/उपाधि)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृक (प्रातिपदिक)