Rig Veda 8.4.9: Mandala 8, Sukta 4, Mantra 9

Sukta 8.4

Rishi: Kaṇva (Kaṇva lineage; Kaṇvāḥ)

Devata: Indra (addressed directly)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अश्वी रथी सुरूप इद्गोमाँ इदिन्द्र ते सखा । श्वात्रभाजा वयसा सचते सदा चन्द्रो याति सभामुप ॥

Transliteration

aśvī́ rathī́ su-rūpá íd gomā́m íd indra te sákhā | śvātrá-bhājā́ váyasā sacate sádā candró yāti sabhā́m úpa ||

Translation

Horse-possessing, chariot-borne, fair-formed, rich in luminous herds—such is your companion, O Indra. Sharing in heroic strength, he keeps company by his vital growth; ever radiant he goes up to the assembly (of the gods/powers).

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Word by Word

• अश्वी: (two) horses
• अश्वी: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• रथी: charioteer; one with a chariot
• रथी: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथिन् (प्रातिपदिक; रथ + इन्)

• सुरूपः: fair-formed, handsome
• सुरूपः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुरूप (प्रातिपदिक; सु- + रूप)

• इत्: indeed, just
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (निपात/अव्यय; emphatic particle)

• गोमान्: possessing cows; rich in cattle
• गोमान्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गोमन्त् (प्रातिपदिक; गो + मन्त)

• इत्: indeed
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (निपात/अव्यय; emphatic particle)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: of you; your
• ते: —
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• सखा: friend
• सखा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रातिपदिक)

• श्वात्रभाजाः: sharing in strength/valor (as a portion)
• श्वात्रभाजाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्वात्रभाज् (प्रातिपदिक; श्वात्र + भाज् ‘sharing/partaking’)

• वयसा: by vigor; by youthful strength
• वयसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वयस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सचते: associates (with), accompanies
• सचते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: सच् (धातु; भ्वादि; ‘to accompany, be associated’)

• सदा: always
• सदा: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय)

• चन्द्रः: the shining one; the moon (or radiant one)
• चन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• याति: goes
• याति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु; अदादि/भ्वादि परंपरा; ‘to go’)

• सभाम्: to the assembly; assembly-hall
• सभाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सभा (प्रातिपदिक)

• उप: towards, near
• उप: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)