Rig Veda 5.49.4: Mandala 5, Sukta 49, Mantra 4

Sukta 5.49

Devata: Savitṛ; rivers (Sindhavaḥ) as supporting powers; Hotṛ role foregrounded

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तन्नो अनर्वा सविता वरूथं तत्सिन्धव इषयन्तो अनु ग्मन् । उप यद्वोचे अध्वरस्य होता रायः स्याम पतयो वाजरत्नाः ॥

Transliteration

tán no anarvā́ savitā́ varū́thaṃ tát síndhava iṣáyanto ánu gman | úpa yád vóce adhvarásya hótā rāyáḥ syāma pátayo vā́jaratnāḥ ||

Translation

May Savitṛ, the unerring, be for us that protecting refuge; and may the rivers, pressing forward with their urge, follow after it. When I, the hotṛ of the sacrifice, speak near in the rite, may we become lords of spiritual plenitude and treasures of force.

Ask anything about this verse...Ask

Word by Word

• तत्: that (boon/aid)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: of us / for us
• नः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• अनर्वा: the faultless one
• अनर्वा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अनर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘दोषरहित/अविकृत/अप्रमत्त’)

• सविता: Savitṛ (the Impeller/Sun)
• सविता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वरूथम्: protection, shelter
• वरूथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरूथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• तत्: that (same protection)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सिन्धवः: the rivers / Sindhus
• सिन्धवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)

• इषयन्तः: impelling, urging on
• इषयन्तः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: इष् (धातु) → इषय (प्रयोजक-प्रातिपदिक) / इषयन्त् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• अनु: along, after
• अनु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• ग्मन्: may they go / let them go
• ग्मन्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)

• उप: near, towards
• उप: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• यत्: what/that which
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम)

• वोचे: I have spoken / I speak
• वोचे: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)

• अध्वरस्य: of the sacrifice (adhvara)
• अध्वरस्य: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वर (प्रातिपदिक)

• होता: the Hotṛ-priest
• होता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• रायः: of wealth
• रायः: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: राय्/रायि (प्रातिपदिक ‘wealth’)

• स्याम: may we be
• स्याम: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• पतयः: lords, masters
• पतयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति (प्रातिपदिक)

• वाजरत्नाः: having prize-and-treasure; rich in booty and jewels
• वाजरत्नाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वाज-रत्न (समास-प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-भाव: ‘whose treasure is prize/strength’)