Mantra 5
Sukta 4.52
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Uṣas (Dawn) (dominant in RV 4.52)
Chandas: Gāyatrī (3×8 syllables)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
प्रति भद्रा अदृक्षत गवां सर्गा न रश्मयः । ओषा अप्रा उरु ज्रयः ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
प्रति॑ भ॒द्रा अ॑दृक्षत॒ गवां॒ सर्गा॒ न र॒श्मय॑: । ओषा अ॑प्रा उ॒रु ज्रय॑: ॥
Transliteration
práti bhadrā́ adr̥kṣata gavā́m sárgā ná raśmáyaḥ | óṣā aprā́ urú jráyaḥ ||
Translation
In response, the auspicious powers become visible—like the streaming forth of the Cows of Light, like rays released; Dawn has filled out her wide, swift-moving courses, opening the way for a larger advance of consciousness.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
प्रति॑ । भ॒द्राः । अ॒दृ॒क्ष॒त॒ । गवा॑म् । सर्गाः॑ । न । र॒श्मयः॑ । आ । उ॒षाः । अ॒प्राः॒ । उ॒रु । ज्रयः॑ ॥प्रति । भद्राः । अदृक्षत । गवाम् । सर्गाः । न । रश्मयः । आ । उषाः । अप्राः । उरु । ज्रयः ॥prati | bhadrāḥ | adṛkṣata | gavām | sargāḥ | na | raśmayaḥ | ā | uṣāḥ | aprāḥ | uru | jrayaḥ
Word by Word
प्रतिtowards; in response; against
प्रति:
— (directional/relational particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति (upasarga/avyaya)
भद्राःauspicious (ones)
भद्राः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootभद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
अदृक्षतwere seen; appeared
अदृक्षत:
— (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Root√दृश् (दर्शन) → aorist stem अदृक्ष-
गवाम्of the cows
गवाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
सर्गाःstreams; outpourings
सर्गाः:
Kartā (in apposition to भद्राः)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ग (प्रातिपदिक; from √सृज् ‘to send forth’)
नlike; as
न:
— (comparative particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (avyaya)
रश्मयःrays; reins (rays of light)
रश्मयः:
Kartā (comparand; apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootरश्मि (प्रातिपदिक)
ओषाःDawn (Uṣā)
ओषाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootओषा (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic, ‘dawn/brightness’)
अप्राःunfilled; not yet satisfied
अप्राः:
Kartā (as qualifier of subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्र (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic adj. ‘unfilled/unsated; not yet filled’)
उरुwide; broad
उरु:
— (qualifier)
TypeAdjective (indeclinable neuter used adverbially/qualitatively)
Rootउरु (प्रातिपदिक)
ज्रयःcourse; track; expanse (path)
ज्रयः:
Karma/Predicative complement (what Dawn is/has; ‘broad course/track’)
TypeNoun
Rootज्रय (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic noun)