Rig Veda 4.52.5 — Mandala 4, Sukta 52, Mantra 5

Sukta 4.52

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Uṣas (Dawn) (dominant in RV 4.52)

Chandas: Gāyatrī (3×8 syllables)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रति भद्रा अदृक्षत गवां सर्गा न रश्मयः । ओषा अप्रा उरु ज्रयः ॥

Transliteration

práti bhadrā́ adr̥kṣata gavā́m sárgā ná raśmáyaḥ | óṣā aprā́ urú jráyaḥ ||

Translation

In response, the auspicious powers become visible—like the streaming forth of the Cows of Light, like rays released; Dawn has filled out her wide, swift-moving courses, opening the way for a larger advance of consciousness.

Word by Word

• प्रति: towards; in response; against
• प्रति: — (directional/relational particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (upasarga/avyaya)

• भद्राः: auspicious (ones)
• भद्राः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: भद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अदृक्षत: were seen; appeared
• अदृक्षत: — (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (दर्शन) → aorist stem अदृक्ष-

• गवाम्: of the cows
• गवाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• सर्गाः: streams; outpourings
• सर्गाः: Kartā (in apposition to भद्राः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्ग (प्रातिपदिक; from √सृज् ‘to send forth’)

• न: like; as
• न: — (comparative particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (avyaya)

• रश्मयः: rays; reins (rays of light)
• रश्मयः: Kartā (comparand; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रश्मि (प्रातिपदिक)

• ओषाः: Dawn (Uṣā)
• ओषाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओषा (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic, ‘dawn/brightness’)

• अप्राः: unfilled; not yet satisfied
• अप्राः: Kartā (as qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अप्र (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic adj. ‘unfilled/unsated; not yet filled’)

• उरु: wide; broad
• उरु: — (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective (indeclinable neuter used adverbially/qualitatively)
• Root: उरु (प्रातिपदिक)

• ज्रयः: course; track; expanse (path)
• ज्रयः: Karma/Predicative complement (what Dawn is/has; ‘broad course/track’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्रय (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic noun)