Mantra 3
Sukta 10.60
Rishi: Agastya (traditional attribution for RV 10.60 in many recensions/indices; hymn contains Agastya-reference in v.6)
Devata: Indra (dominant; explicit vocative in 10.60.5; earlier verses praise the surpassing warrior-power)
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable for 10.60.3; needs padic metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यो जनान्महिषाँ इवातितस्थौ पवीरवान् । उतापवीरवान्युधा ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
यो जना॑न्महि॒षाँ इ॑वातित॒स्थौ पवी॑रवान् । उ॒ताप॑वीरवान्यु॒धा ॥
Transliteration
yó jánān mahiṣā́m ivātitasthaú pavī́ravān | utā́pavīravān yudhā́ ||
Translation
He who overpasses the ordinary human limits like a mighty bull—possessed of the protecting plenitudes; and also, in battle, possessed of the plenitudes that ward off all hostile forces.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
यः । जना॑न् । म॒हि॒षान्ऽइ॑व । अ॒ति॒ऽत॒स्थौ । पवी॑रवान् । उ॒त । अप॑वीरवान् । यु॒धा ॥यः । जनान् । महिषान्इव । अतितस्थौ । पवीरवान् । उत । अपवीरवान् । युधा ॥yaḥ | janān | mahiṣān-iva | ati-tasthau | pavīravān | uta | apavīravān | yudhā
Word by Word
यःwho
यः:
Kartā (सम्बन्ध-कर्ता; यः = ‘who’ introducing the subject)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
जनान्people, men
जनान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक) < √जन् ‘to be born, beget’
महिषान्buffaloes, mighty bulls
महिषान्:
Karma (उपमान-रूपेण) / Karma (with implied comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootमहिष (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike, as
इव:
— (उपमान-सूचक) / marker of comparison
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
आtowards, unto (prefix)
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग)
तितस्थौhas stood, took his stand
तितस्थौ:
Kriyā (मुख्य-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√स्था (तिष्ठति) with reduplication: ति-त-स्थौ
पवीरवान्possessing a pavīra (protective/defensive covering; armour-like)
पवीरवान्:
Kartā (विशेषणम् of यः)
TypeAdjective
Rootपवीरवत् (प्रातिपदिक; -वत् ‘possessing’) < पवीर
उतand also
उत:
— (समुच्चय/अन्वादेश) / connective
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (निपात)
अपवीरवान्possessing apavīra (without/away-from pavīra; unarmoured or with counter-covering)
अपवीरवान्:
Kartā (विशेषणम् of यः)
TypeAdjective
Rootअपवीरवत् (प्रातिपदिक; -वत् ‘possessing’) < अपवीर
युधाin battle, by fighting
युधा:
Karaṇa (means/circumstance of action)
TypeNoun (used adverbially)
Rootयुध् (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययीभाव-रूप; instr. of युध् ‘battle’)