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Mantra 4

Sukta 10.25

Rishi: Kakṣīvān Dairghatamasa (attributed in Anukramaṇī for this hymn-group; internal name appears in 10.25.10)
Devata: Soma (Indu), with Indra in supportive background across the sukta
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (11-syllable pādas; typical for Soma/Indra hymns in this section)

समु प्र यन्ति धीतयः सर्गासोऽवताँ इव । क्रतुं नः सोम जीवसे वि वो मदे धारया चमसाँ इव विवक्षसे ॥

समु॒ प्र य॑न्ति धी॒तय॒: सर्गा॑सोऽव॒ताँ इ॑व । क्रतुं॑ नः सोम जी॒वसे॒ वि वो॒ मदे॑ धा॒रया॑ चम॒साँ इ॑व॒ विव॑क्षसे ॥

samú pra yánti dhītáyaḥ sárgāso’vatā́m iva | krátuṃ naḥ soma jīváse ví vo máde dhāráyā camasā́m iva vivákṣase ||

The gathered inspirations move forward like swift streams descending from the heights. O Soma, for our living, establish in us the power of conscious will (kratu); in thy ecstasy, pour it out and make it grow within us, as one pours the draughts into the cups for the offering.

सम् । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । प्र । य॒न्ति॒ । धी॒तयः॑ । सर्गा॑सः । अ॒व॒तान्ऽइ॑व । क्रतु॑म् । नः॒ । सो॒म॒ । जी॒वसे॑ । वि । वः॒ । मदे॑ । धा॒रय॑ । च॒म॒सान्ऽइ॑व । विव॑क्षसे ॥सम् । ऊँ इति । प्र । यन्ति । धीतयः । सर्गासः । अवतान्इव । क्रतुम् । नः । सोम । जीवसे । वि । वः । मदे । धारय । चमसान्इव । विवक्षसे ॥sam | oṃ iti | pra | yanti | dhītayaḥ | sargāsaḥ | avatān-iva | kratum | naḥ | soma | jīvase | vi | vaḥ | made | dhāraya | camasān-iva | vivakṣase

सम्together, completely
सम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग) / sam (indecl. prefix)
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग) / pra (indecl. prefix)
यन्तिthey go, they proceed
यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√या (याति) / yā ‘to go’
धीतयःinsights, hymnic thoughts
धीतयः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootधीति- (from √धी ‘to think/meditate’) / dhīti-
सर्गासःstreams, outpourings
सर्गासः:
Kartā (apposition to धीतयः)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ग- / sarga-
अवताम्of the helpers/protectors (the favoring ones)
अवताम्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootअवत- (ppp from √अव ‘to protect/favor’) / avata-
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव / iva
क्रतुम्power of will, resolve, ritual intelligence
क्रतुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्रतु- / kratu-
नःof us, for us
नः:
Sampradāna (beneficiary: ‘for us/our’)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् / asmád
सोमO Soma
सोम:
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootसोम- / soma-
जीवसेfor living, to live
जीवसे:
Prayojana (purpose)
TypeVerb (infinitive)
Rootजीवस्- (infinitive from √जीव् ‘to live’) / jīvase
विapart, widely, distinctly
वि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग) / vi
वःof you, for you
वः:
Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (contextual: ‘for you/among you’)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् / yuṣmád
मदेin exhilaration, in intoxication (of Soma)
मदे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootमद- / mada-
धारयhold!, maintain!, set in place!
धारय:
TypeVerb
Root√धृ (धारयति) / dhṛ ‘to hold, support’
चमसान्cups, beakers
चमसान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचमस- / camasa-
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव / iva
विवक्षसेyou wish to utter/speak forth
विवक्षसे:
TypeVerb
Root√वच् with desiderative stem विवक्ष- / vac ‘to speak’ → vivakṣa- ‘wish to speak’