Mantra 3
Sukta 10.105
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Uncertain (requires scan)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अप योरिन्द्रः पापज आ मर्तो न शश्रमाणो बिभीवान् । शुभे यद्युयुजे तविषीवान् ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
अप॒ योरिन्द्र॒: पाप॑ज॒ आ मर्तो॒ न श॑श्रमा॒णो बि॑भी॒वान् । शु॒भे यद्यु॑यु॒जे तवि॑षीवान् ॥
Transliteration
ápa yór índraḥ pā́paja ā́ martó ná śaśramāṇó bibhī́vān | śubhé yád yuyujé taviṣī́vān ||
Translation
Indra has driven away the hostile ones; like a mortal who toils, yet fearing not. When the mighty one yoked himself to the luminous good, he moved forward.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
अप॑ । योः । इन्द्रः॑ । पाप॑जे । आ । मर्तः॑ । न । श॒श्र॒मा॒णः । बि॒भी॒वान् । शु॒भे । यत् । यु॒यु॒जे । तवि॑षीऽवान् ॥अप । योः । इन्द्रः । पापजे । आ । मर्तः । न । शश्रमाणः । बिभीवान् । शुभे । यत् । युयुजे । तविषीवान् ॥apa | yoḥ | indraḥ | pāpaje | ā | martaḥ | na | śaśramāṇaḥ | bibhīvān | śubhe | yat | yuyuje | taviṣī-vān
Word by Word
अपaway, off
अप:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअप (upasarga/prādi)
यःwho
यः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (sarvanāma-stem)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā (apposition to यः)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (prātipadika)
पापजः(he who is) evil-born / of evil origin
पापजः:
Kartā (apposition/epithet of इन्द्रः)
TypeAdjective
Rootपापज (prātipadika; pāpa+ja ‘born of evil’)
आtowards, to
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (upasarga/prādi)
मर्तःa mortal
मर्तः:
Kartā (of implied comparison with न)
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त (prātipadika)
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (particle)
शश्रमानःtoiling, striving
शश्रमानः:
Kartā (qualifier of मर्तः)
TypeParticiple
Rootश्रम् (dhātu) → शश्रम् (perfect base) + -आन (perf. mid. participle)
बिभीवान्fearing, afraid
बिभीवान्:
Kartā (qualifier of मर्तः)
TypeParticiple
Rootभी (dhātu) → बिभाय (perfect) → बिभीवस्/बिभीवन् (perf. act. participle)
शुभेin the auspicious (state/place)
शुभे:
Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘in/at the auspicious (place/occasion)’)
TypeNoun
Rootशुभ (prātipadika)
यत्when; that which
यत्:
Karma/Adverbial (temporal/conditional)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (relative pronoun)
युयुजेhas yoked; has harnessed
युयुजे:
Kriyā (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Rootयुज् (dhātu)
तविषीवान्possessing strength, mighty
तविषीवान्:
Kartā (epithet of the subject, esp. Indra)
TypeAdjective
Rootतविषीवत् (prātipadika from तविषी ‘strength’ + -वत्)