Mantra 4
Sukta 1.9
Rishi: Medhātithi Kāṇva (attributed for RV 1.9 as a Kāṇva hymn; verse-level attribution not separately marked)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Gāyatrī (probable for RV 1.9; this verse fits the short tri-pāda cadence typical of Indra-gāyatrīs)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
असृग्रमिन्द्र ते गिरः प्रति त्वामुदहासत । अजोषा वृषभं पतिम् ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
असृ॑ग्रमिन्द्र ते॒ गिर॒: प्रति॒ त्वामुद॑हासत । अजो॑षा वृष॒भं पति॑म् ॥
Transliteration
asṛ́gram indra te gíraḥ práti tvām úd ahāsata | ájoṣā vṛṣabháṃ pátim ||
Translation
O Indra, our inspired words have surged forth towards you and risen up—seeking to win you, the Bull, the Lord; that sovereign force in us which accepts and increases the soul’s power.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
असृ॑ग्रम् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । ते॒ । गिरः॑ । प्रति॑ । त्वाम् । उद् । अ॒हा॒स॒त॒ । अजो॑षाः । वृ॒ष॒भम् । पति॑म् ॥असृग्रम् । इन्द्र । ते । गिरः । प्रति । त्वाम् । उद् । अहासत । अजोषाः । वृषभम् । पतिम् ॥asṛgram | indra | te | giraḥ | prati | tvām | ud | ahāsata | ajoṣāḥ | vṛṣabham | patim
Word by Word
असृग्रम्they streamed forth / they poured out
असृग्रम्:
Kriyā (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Rootसृज् (धातु) ← सृज् ‘स्रज्/सृज्’ (to send forth, let flow)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
Sambodhana (addressed deity)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
तेyour
ते:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitival relation)
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
गिरःsongs / hymns
गिरः:
Kartā (agent of ‘laugh/cry out/stream’ in the clause)
TypeNoun
Rootगिर् (स्त्री) ‘song, hymn, voice’
प्रतिtowards
प्रति:
Adhikaraṇa/Direction marker (towards)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma (goal/object of ‘towards’)
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
उद्up, out (forth)
उद्:
Verb-modifier (preverb)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootउद् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अहासतlaughed / exulted
अहासत:
Kriyā (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Rootहस् (धातु) ‘to laugh, exult’
अजोषाःyou did not accept / you did not enjoy
अजोषाः:
Kriyā (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Rootजुष् (धातु) ‘to be pleased with, enjoy, accept’ (with privative/negative a- in Vedic usage here)
वृषभम्the bull
वृषभम्:
Karma (object of ‘accept/enjoy’)
TypeNoun
Rootवृषभ (प्रातिपदिक) ‘bull’
पतिम्the lord / master
पतिम्:
Karma (appositional object)
TypeNoun
Rootपति (प्रातिपदिक) ‘lord, master’