Rig Veda 1.63.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 63, Mantra 2

Sukta 1.63

Rishi: Gotama Rāhūgaṇa

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ यद्धरी इन्द्र विव्रता वेरा ते वज्रं जरिता बाह्वोर्धात् । येनाविहर्यतक्रतो अमित्रान्पुर इष्णासि पुरुहूत पूर्वीः ॥

Transliteration

ā yád dhárī indra ví-vratā vērā́ te vájraṃ jaritā́ bāhvór dhā́t | yéna aviharyatakrato amítrān púra iṣṇā́si puruhūta pūrvī́ḥ ||

Translation

When your two radiant steeds, O Indra, wide-ranging, come near, the singer sets your thunderbolt in your arms—by which, O irresistible in will, you drive against the hostile powers and shatter many ancient strongholds, O much-invoked.

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Word by Word

• आ: towards, hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग) / ā (preverb)

• यत्: which, that (thing)
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• हरी: the two bay steeds
• हरी: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: —
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• विव्रता: of divergent/varied courses (two)
• विव्रता: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-व्रत (प्रातिपदिक; व्रत ‘ordinance, rule’)

• वेरा: (their) two courses/impulses
• वेरा: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘impulse/drive, course’—Vedic)

• ते: of you, your
• ते: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वज्रम्: the thunderbolt
• वज्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वज्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• जरिता: the singer/praiser
• जरिता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: जरितृ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘singer, praiser’)

• बाह्वोः: in/on (your) two arms
• बाह्वोः: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहु (प्रातिपदिक)

• धात्: placed, set
• धात्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: धा (धातु)

• येन: by which
• येन: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अविहर्यत: did not carry off / could not take away
• अविहर्यत: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: अवि-हृ (धातु; ‘to take away/steal’ with negation/privative sense in Vedic compound)

• अक्रतो: O unerring/undaunted one (lit. ‘not without kratu’)
• अक्रतो: —
• Type: Adjective (vocative)
• Root: अ-क्रतु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘without resolve/plan’)

• अमित्रान्: enemies
• अमित्रान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• पुरः: fortresses, strongholds
• पुरः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुर्/पुर (प्रातिपदिक)

• इष्णासि: you drive/impel
• इष्णासि: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष् (धातु; ‘to set in motion, impel’)

• पुरुहूत: O much-invoked one
• पुरुहूत: —
• Type: Noun/Adjective (vocative)
• Root: पुरु-हूत (प्रातिपदिक; ‘much-invoked’)

• पूर्वीः: many/former (fortresses)
• पूर्वीः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)