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Shloka 32

आचार्य-क्षमा, देśa–kāla-नīti, तथा भेद-दोषः

Teacher-Reconciliation, Timing-Policy, and the Fault of Factionalism

उपासते च सैन्यानि गृध्रास्तव समन्ततः: । तप्स्यसे वाहिनीं दृष्टवा पार्थबाणप्रपीडिताम्‌ | पराभूता च व: सेना न कश्चिद्‌ योद्धुमिच्छति,सेनाके चारों ओर गीध बैठ रहे हैं, इससे जान पड़ता है; तुम अपनी सेनाको अर्जुनके बाणोंसे पीड़ित होती देख मनमें संताप करोगे। तुम्हारी सेना अभीसे तिरस्कृत-सी हो रही है, कोई भी सैनिक युद्ध करना नहीं चाहता है

upāsate ca sainyāni gṛdhrās tava samantataḥ | tapsyase vāhinīṃ dṛṣṭvā pārthabāṇaprapīḍitām | parābhūtā ca vaḥ senā na kaścid yoddhum icchati |

Drona said: “Vultures are gathering all around your forces; this is an omen. When you see your army harried and crushed by Arjuna’s arrows, you will burn with inner anguish. Even now your host stands as if already dishonoured and defeated—no one among your soldiers wishes to fight.”

उपासतेthey sit near / perch / attend
उपासते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउप-आस् (धातु)
Formलट्, आत्मनेपद, प्रथम, बहुवचन
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सैन्यानिarmies / troops
सैन्यानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन
गृध्राःvultures
गृध्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगृध्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
तवof you / your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Form—, षष्ठी, एकवचन
समन्ततःon all sides
समन्ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्ततः
तप्स्यसेyou will grieve / be distressed
तप्स्यसे:
TypeVerb
Rootतप् (धातु)
Formलृट् (परस्मैपद-रूपेण भविष्यत्), आत्मनेपद, मध्यम, एकवचन
वाहिनीम्army / host
वाहिनीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाहिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (अव्ययभाव), कर्तरि
पार्थबाणप्रपीडिताम्tormented by Arjuna's arrows
पार्थबाणप्रपीडिताम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपार्थ-बाण-प्रपीडित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
पराभूताdefeated / routed
पराभूता:
TypeAdjective
Rootपराभूत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वःof you (pl.) / your
वः:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Form—, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
सेनाarmy
सेना:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसेना (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कश्चित्anyone
कश्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
योद्धुम्to fight
योद्धुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध् (धातु)
Formतुमुन् (इन्फिनिटिव), कर्तरि
इच्छतिwants / desires
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (धातु)
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथम, एकवचन

द्रोण उवाच

D
Droṇa
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
B
bāṇa (arrows)
G
gṛdhra (vultures)
S
senā/sainyāni (army/troops)
V
vāhinī (battle-host)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how moral and psychological collapse can precede physical defeat: ominous signs and fear sap resolve, and an army that loses courage becomes effectively defeated even before the clash. It also reflects the epic’s view that war is shadowed by death and consequence, not merely heroism.

Droṇa speaks to the opposing side’s leader(s), pointing to vultures gathering around their troops as a bad omen. He predicts that Arjuna’s arrows will grievously afflict their battle-host and that their soldiers’ morale is already broken—none is eager to fight.